\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Wer steckt hinter Investcorp?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Jetzt ist die Zeit reif f\u00fcr einen neuen Eigent\u00fcmerwechsel[9]<\/sup><\/a>: Der AC Mailand wird der erste italienische Fu\u00dfballverein sein, der einem Spieler aus dem Nahen Osten geh\u00f6rt. Es gibt keinen Kulturschock: Neun der 20 wichtigsten italienischen Klubs sind bereits in ausl\u00e4ndischer Hand[10]<\/sup><\/a>, und der bahrainische Fonds bietet eine unglaubliche Summe: 1,18 Milliarden Dollar[11]<\/a> f\u00fcr eine Mehrheitsbeteiligung, womit Elliott zusammen mit den Partnern, die es bisher bei der Operation unterst\u00fctzt haben, in der Aktion\u00e4rsstruktur verbleibt: Bank of America, Merril Lynch und JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem Geld aus dem Verkauf von Milan[13]<\/a> erw\u00e4gt Elliott die M\u00f6glichkeit, in den Tourismussektor einzusteigen und das kalifornische Unternehmen Mondee zu kaufen[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wer steckt hinter Investcorp?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Keine \u00dcberraschung. Das Ziel von Eliott Management ist es, wie bei jedem Hedge-Fonds, den Wert eines Verm\u00f6genswerts zu steigern und ihn dann zu einem h\u00f6heren Preis weiterzuverkaufen: \"Elliott ist fest entschlossen, den AC Mailand wieder an die Spitze des europ\u00e4ischen Fu\u00dfballs zu bringen, wobei er sich auf die Grunds\u00e4tze der finanziellen Stabilit\u00e4t und der ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfen Aufsicht st\u00fctzt, die bereits fest etabliert sind. Elliott hat in den letzten Jahren den Wiederaufstieg des AC Mailand finanziert und \u00fcber 600 Millionen Euro in den Verein investiert\u201c<\/em> [7]<\/a>. Eine Aussage, die der Wahrheit entspricht. Elliott hat den Haushalt in Ordnung gebracht, die Mannschaft verbessert, wird ein neues Stadion bauen und hat in weniger als vier Jahren einen Traditionsverein aus der Asche geholt und ihn wieder zu einer Realit\u00e4t im italienischen und internationalen Fu\u00dfball gemacht[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jetzt ist die Zeit reif f\u00fcr einen neuen Eigent\u00fcmerwechsel[9]<\/sup><\/a>: Der AC Mailand wird der erste italienische Fu\u00dfballverein sein, der einem Spieler aus dem Nahen Osten geh\u00f6rt. Es gibt keinen Kulturschock: Neun der 20 wichtigsten italienischen Klubs sind bereits in ausl\u00e4ndischer Hand[10]<\/sup><\/a>, und der bahrainische Fonds bietet eine unglaubliche Summe: 1,18 Milliarden Dollar[11]<\/a> f\u00fcr eine Mehrheitsbeteiligung, womit Elliott zusammen mit den Partnern, die es bisher bei der Operation unterst\u00fctzt haben, in der Aktion\u00e4rsstruktur verbleibt: Bank of America, Merril Lynch und JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem Geld aus dem Verkauf von Milan[13]<\/a> erw\u00e4gt Elliott die M\u00f6glichkeit, in den Tourismussektor einzusteigen und das kalifornische Unternehmen Mondee zu kaufen[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wer steckt hinter Investcorp?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ger\u00fcchte gab es bereits im Herbst 2021[1]<\/a>, doch in diesen Tagen wurde die Nachricht offiziell: Der AC Mailand hat den Besitzer gewechselt und ist in die H\u00e4nde der bahrainischen Investmentgesellschaft Investcorp \u00fcbergegangen[2]<\/a>. Nach dem langen Berlusconi-Epos[3]<\/a>, nach der chinesischen Klammer des bankrotten Yonghong Li (der mehr als 700 Millionen Euro bezahlt und fast alles verloren hat) [4]<\/a>, die mit der \u00dcbernahme durch den amerikanischen Fonds Elliott endete, beginnt nun ein neues Kapitel. Elliott restaurierte den AC Mailand, aber er wollte ihn nie behalten: Er hatte ihn von den Chinesen geerbt, die 370 Millionen Euro Schulden an den amerikanischen Fonds nicht bezahlt hatten[5]<\/a>. Und w\u00e4hrend Elliott und Investcorp an der Beendigung des Vertrags arbeiten, klagt Li auf eine Entsch\u00e4digung von rund 320 Millionen Euro[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keine \u00dcberraschung. Das Ziel von Eliott Management ist es, wie bei jedem Hedge-Fonds, den Wert eines Verm\u00f6genswerts zu steigern und ihn dann zu einem h\u00f6heren Preis weiterzuverkaufen: \"Elliott ist fest entschlossen, den AC Mailand wieder an die Spitze des europ\u00e4ischen Fu\u00dfballs zu bringen, wobei er sich auf die Grunds\u00e4tze der finanziellen Stabilit\u00e4t und der ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfen Aufsicht st\u00fctzt, die bereits fest etabliert sind. Elliott hat in den letzten Jahren den Wiederaufstieg des AC Mailand finanziert und \u00fcber 600 Millionen Euro in den Verein investiert\u201c<\/em> [7]<\/a>. Eine Aussage, die der Wahrheit entspricht. Elliott hat den Haushalt in Ordnung gebracht, die Mannschaft verbessert, wird ein neues Stadion bauen und hat in weniger als vier Jahren einen Traditionsverein aus der Asche geholt und ihn wieder zu einer Realit\u00e4t im italienischen und internationalen Fu\u00dfball gemacht[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jetzt ist die Zeit reif f\u00fcr einen neuen Eigent\u00fcmerwechsel[9]<\/sup><\/a>: Der AC Mailand wird der erste italienische Fu\u00dfballverein sein, der einem Spieler aus dem Nahen Osten geh\u00f6rt. Es gibt keinen Kulturschock: Neun der 20 wichtigsten italienischen Klubs sind bereits in ausl\u00e4ndischer Hand[10]<\/sup><\/a>, und der bahrainische Fonds bietet eine unglaubliche Summe: 1,18 Milliarden Dollar[11]<\/a> f\u00fcr eine Mehrheitsbeteiligung, womit Elliott zusammen mit den Partnern, die es bisher bei der Operation unterst\u00fctzt haben, in der Aktion\u00e4rsstruktur verbleibt: Bank of America, Merril Lynch und JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem Geld aus dem Verkauf von Milan[13]<\/a> erw\u00e4gt Elliott die M\u00f6glichkeit, in den Tourismussektor einzusteigen und das kalifornische Unternehmen Mondee zu kaufen[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wer steckt hinter Investcorp?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00fcchte gab es bereits im Herbst 2021[1]<\/a>, doch in diesen Tagen wurde die Nachricht offiziell: Der AC Mailand hat den Besitzer gewechselt und ist in die H\u00e4nde der bahrainischen Investmentgesellschaft Investcorp \u00fcbergegangen[2]<\/a>. Nach dem langen Berlusconi-Epos[3]<\/a>, nach der chinesischen Klammer des bankrotten Yonghong Li (der mehr als 700 Millionen Euro bezahlt und fast alles verloren hat) [4]<\/a>, die mit der \u00dcbernahme durch den amerikanischen Fonds Elliott endete, beginnt nun ein neues Kapitel. Elliott restaurierte den AC Mailand, aber er wollte ihn nie behalten: Er hatte ihn von den Chinesen geerbt, die 370 Millionen Euro Schulden an den amerikanischen Fonds nicht bezahlt hatten[5]<\/a>. Und w\u00e4hrend Elliott und Investcorp an der Beendigung des Vertrags arbeiten, klagt Li auf eine Entsch\u00e4digung von rund 320 Millionen Euro[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keine \u00dcberraschung. Das Ziel von Eliott Management ist es, wie bei jedem Hedge-Fonds, den Wert eines Verm\u00f6genswerts zu steigern und ihn dann zu einem h\u00f6heren Preis weiterzuverkaufen: \"Elliott ist fest entschlossen, den AC Mailand wieder an die Spitze des europ\u00e4ischen Fu\u00dfballs zu bringen, wobei er sich auf die Grunds\u00e4tze der finanziellen Stabilit\u00e4t und der ordnungsgem\u00e4\u00dfen Aufsicht st\u00fctzt, die bereits fest etabliert sind. Elliott hat in den letzten Jahren den Wiederaufstieg des AC Mailand finanziert und \u00fcber 600 Millionen Euro in den Verein investiert\u201c<\/em> [7]<\/a>. Eine Aussage, die der Wahrheit entspricht. Elliott hat den Haushalt in Ordnung gebracht, die Mannschaft verbessert, wird ein neues Stadion bauen und hat in weniger als vier Jahren einen Traditionsverein aus der Asche geholt und ihn wieder zu einer Realit\u00e4t im italienischen und internationalen Fu\u00dfball gemacht[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jetzt ist die Zeit reif f\u00fcr einen neuen Eigent\u00fcmerwechsel[9]<\/sup><\/a>: Der AC Mailand wird der erste italienische Fu\u00dfballverein sein, der einem Spieler aus dem Nahen Osten geh\u00f6rt. Es gibt keinen Kulturschock: Neun der 20 wichtigsten italienischen Klubs sind bereits in ausl\u00e4ndischer Hand[10]<\/sup><\/a>, und der bahrainische Fonds bietet eine unglaubliche Summe: 1,18 Milliarden Dollar[11]<\/a> f\u00fcr eine Mehrheitsbeteiligung, womit Elliott zusammen mit den Partnern, die es bisher bei der Operation unterst\u00fctzt haben, in der Aktion\u00e4rsstruktur verbleibt: Bank of America, Merril Lynch und JP Morgan[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem Geld aus dem Verkauf von Milan[13]<\/a> erw\u00e4gt Elliott die M\u00f6glichkeit, in den Tourismussektor einzusteigen und das kalifornische Unternehmen Mondee zu kaufen[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wer steckt hinter Investcorp?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paul Singer, Gr\u00fcnder und CEO der Elliott Management Corporation[15]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der neue Eigent\u00fcmer des AC Mailand, Investcorp Holdings BSC mit Sitz in Manama (Bahrain), wurde von Nemir A. Kirdar (Iraker, einer der wichtigsten Private-Equity-Investoren im Nahen Osten, der im Juni 2020 im Alter von 83 Jahren verstarb[16]<\/a>) gegr\u00fcndet und wird seit 2015 von Mohammed Mahfoodh Alardhi[17]<\/a>, einem pensionierten stellvertretenden Marschall der Luftwaffe des Oman, geleitet[18]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Unternehmen ist in 13 St\u00e4dten vertreten, darunter New York, Los Angeles, London, Singapur, Delhi, Peking, Doha, Mumbai und Abu Dhabi[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investcorp wurde vor 40 Jahren gegr\u00fcndet, um den reichsten Familien des Persischen Golfs die M\u00f6glichkeit zu geben, in den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa zu investieren, und hat viel Geld f\u00fcr den Erwerb westlicher Superstars wie Tiffany's, Gucci und Saks ausgegeben[20]<\/a>. Aber wer sind diese Tycoons? Das ist sehr schwer zu sagen, denn Investcorp versteckt seine Aktion\u00e4re in einem Netz von Unternehmen, die von einer Holdinggesellschaft auf den Kaimaninseln kontrolliert werden, und entzieht sich damit den neugierigen Augen derjenigen, die Transparenz auf den Finanzm\u00e4rkten fordern[21]<\/a>. Dem Verwaltungsrat geh\u00f6ren Vertreter der K\u00f6nigsh\u00e4user von Saudi-Arabien, den Emiraten, Kuwait, Oman und Katar an[22]<\/a>. Eines ist sicher: Seit M\u00e4rz 2017 ist der Hauptaktion\u00e4r von Investcorp (20%)[23]<\/a> die Mubadala-Gruppe aus Abu Dhabi[24]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mubadala wurde 2002 gegr\u00fcndet und hat sich nach und nach zu einer der wichtigsten Industrien am gesamten Persischen Golf entwickelt[25]<\/a>. Sie wird vom starken Mann der Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan[26]<\/a>, geleitet, der das Amt des Verteidigungsministers von Abu Dhabi und des Stabschefs der Luftwaffe der Emirate innehat[27]<\/a> und auch die EDGE Group und ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) kontrolliert: Kurz gesagt, er ist der Eigent\u00fcmer der gr\u00f6\u00dften arabischen Milit\u00e4rindustrie und einer der wichtigsten \u00d6lgesellschaften[28]<\/a>. Er ist derjenige, der die vertraulichen diplomatischen Beziehungen verwaltet[29]<\/a>, die Geheimpolizei und verschiedene S\u00f6ldnerorganisationen koordiniert, die Strategie der Cyberwar-Firmen leitet, der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Waffenh\u00e4ndler der Welt ist und einer der Hauptsponsoren von Donald Trump und den amerikanischen Rechtsextremisten ist[30]<\/a>. Und das ist ein Schock, vor allem f\u00fcr diejenigen, die sich daran erinnern, dass sie Silvio Berlusconi kritisiert haben, weil er der Korruption verd\u00e4chtigt wurde...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Interkontinentalrakete, gebaut und verkauft von der EDGE-Gruppe[31]<\/strong><\/a><\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin Zayed hat unter dem Dach von Mubadala die gesamte Immobilien-, Milit\u00e4r-, Hightech-, Chemie- und Raumfahrtindustrie seines Landes zusammengef\u00fchrt[32]<\/a> und bereitet den Start des zweiten VAE-Satelliten vor, der bis 2023 im Weltraum sein soll[33]<\/a>. Um seinen politischen Einfluss zu vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, hat Mohammed Bin Zayed mit der EDGE-Gruppe[34]<\/a> eine Milliarde Euro in den staatlichen franz\u00f6sischen Investmentfonds LAC1 investiert, der die Staatsschulden des Landes h\u00e4lt[35]<\/a>. In anderen L\u00e4ndern, wie z. B. Italien, kn\u00fcpft er politische Beziehungen, indem er Parlamentariern, die Abu Dhabi besuchen und auf internationalen Konferenzen sprechen - wie Matteo Renzi - erstaunliche Honorare bietet[36]<\/a>. Und er verkauft Waffen an sie alle, und zwar mit Erfolg, wie sein treuer Mitarbeiter Faisal Al-Bannai erkl\u00e4rt, der den Umsatz des Milit\u00e4rs in nur zwei Jahren auf 5 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr gesteigert hat und erkl\u00e4rt, dass eine \"dramatische Steigerung<\/em>\" des Umsatzes erwartet wird[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Bannai hat sein eigenes System. Sie hat eines der fortschrittlichsten Hacking-Systeme der Welt, DarkMatter, vom amerikanischen Geheimdienst (NSA) gekauft, das zum Ausspionieren, \u00dcberwachen, Aufsp\u00fcren und Abh\u00f6ren von politischen Gegnern, politischen F\u00fchrern anderer Nationen, Journalisten, K\u00fcnstlern und anderen Personen eingesetzt wird[38]<\/a>. Die Teammitglieder, fast alle ehemalige US-Geheimdienstmitarbeiter, verlie\u00dfen das Team nach einigen Monaten, weil sie erschrocken dar\u00fcber waren, was die EDGE Group und Mubadala mit der Software anstellten[39]<\/a>: \"Sie verwendeten ein hochmodernes Tool namens Karma, mit dem sie \u00fcber eine Sicherheitsl\u00fccke in iPhones auf der ganzen Welt eindringen und E-Mails, Standorte, Textnachrichten und Fotos stehlen konnten. Karma hat es uns zu leicht gemacht. Die Zielperson musste nicht einmal auf irgendwelche Links klicken oder einen Virus herunterladen. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde es immer wieder gegen Hunderte von Zielen auf der ganzen Welt eingesetzt, darunter die Regierungen von Katar, Jemen, Iran und der T\u00fcrkei<\/em>\"[40]<\/a>. Und der Hauptkunde des Unternehmens - k\u00f6nnen Sie erraten, wer das ist? Richtig, es ist die Regierung der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das ist noch nicht alles: Obwohl die Geschichten der ersten unschuldigen Opfer von DarkMatter bekannt wurden[42]<\/a>, kauft Investcorp im April 2020 die deutsche Avira Holding - ein Name, den Sie vielleicht kennen, weil es sich um eines der beliebtesten Antivirensysteme handelt, das zusammen mit Computern und \"mobilen Ger\u00e4ten\" in Europa verkauft wird[43]<\/a> - f\u00fcr 180 Millionen Dollar[44]<\/a>. Die Presse reagiert mit Besorgnis[45]<\/a>. Im Dezember 2020 wird Avira f\u00fcr 360 Millionen Dollar an NortonLifeLock verkauft[46]<\/a>. Dies ist nicht der einzige Kauf von Investcorp in der High-Tech-Welt: Zu seinem Portfolio geh\u00f6ren bereits: a) SmartSpace von Ubisense, die Plattform f\u00fcr Unternehmenssoftware und Echtzeit-Standortl\u00f6sungen; b) Softgarden, ein Anbieter von Software f\u00fcr das Personalwesen; c) Calligo, ein Unternehmen f\u00fcr Cloud-L\u00f6sungen; d) Ageras, ein Online-Marktplatz, der kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit professionellen Dienstleistern verbindet; e) Impero, ein Online-Anbieter f\u00fcr Schulsicherheit; f) Contentserv, ein Anbieter von L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr das Produktinformationsmanagement[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum jetzt Sport und warum Mailand? Investcorp ist kein nationaler Staatsfonds und m\u00f6chte mit den Scheichs konkurrieren, die bereits ihre eigenen Klubs haben (der Familie Al Nahyan geh\u00f6rt zum Beispiel Manchester City[48]<\/a>), denn Sport macht bekannt, \u00f6ffnet die T\u00fcr zur Politik und umgeht die Grenzen geopolitischer und diplomatischer Spannungen[49]<\/a>. Im vergangenen September erkl\u00e4rte der Pr\u00e4sident Mohammed Alardhi in einem Interview mit Bloomberg, dass das Ziel des Fonds darin bestehe, 100 Milliarden Dollar an Verm\u00f6genswerten zu verwalten (derzeit befinden sich 41,2 Milliarden im Portfolio), und zwar nicht nur in den Bereichen Immobilien und Milit\u00e4r, sondern auch durch \u00dcbernahmen im Sportsektor[50]<\/a>. So erwarb Investcorp vor knapp zwei Jahren 20 % des Pariser FC, der derzeit in der zweiten Liga spielt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seit 1996 hat Investcorp etwa 925 Immobilien in Europa, den Vereinigten Staaten und Indien im Gesamtwert von mehr als 21 Milliarden Dollar erworben[51]<\/a>. Seit dem Start des europ\u00e4ischen Immobiliengesch\u00e4fts im Jahr 2017 hat Investcorp rund 1,1 Milliarden Euro in 80 Immobilien in Gro\u00dfbritannien, Deutschland, den Niederlanden, Italien und Belgien investiert[52]<\/a>. Zum 30. Juni 2021 verwaltete Investcorp ein Immobilienverm\u00f6gen von 7,5 Milliarden Dollar[53]<\/a>. Im Oktober 2021 kaufte Investcorp den Mail\u00e4nder Hauptsitz von Kering (18.000 Quadratmeter), dem multinationalen Luxusg\u00fcterkonzern, zu dem Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent und Bottega Veneta geh\u00f6ren, f\u00fcr 70 Millionen Euro[54]<\/a>. In Rom erwarb sie f\u00fcr 128 Millionen Euro einen Wohnkomplex (32.200 Quadratmeter und 174 Parkpl\u00e4tze) in der Via Paolo di Dono 44 - den Sitz von IFAD, der Agentur der Vereinten Nationen zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Hungers in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern[55]<\/a>. Die Liste der italienischen Verm\u00f6genswerte wird fortgesetzt: a) Cloudcare (digitaler Vertrieb)[56]<\/a>; b) Corneliani (51%), eine Luxusmarke f\u00fcr Herrenmode[57]<\/a>; c) Vivaticket (integrierte Ticketingsoftware)[58]<\/a>; d) HWG Srl, ein in Verona ans\u00e4ssiges Unternehmen im Bereich der Cybersicherheit[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zur\u00fcck zum AC Mailand<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Den Fans ist das alles nat\u00fcrlich egal. Egal wo auf der Welt, Hauptsache die Mannschaft gewinnt - wie wir in anderen Fu\u00dfballligen sehen, vor allem in der englischen, wo die Pr\u00e4senz \"unbequemer\" Eigent\u00fcmer die Premier League in eine Liga von Weltrang verwandelt hat. Die italienische Meisterschaft w\u00e4re ohne ausl\u00e4ndische Tycoons in einer noch prek\u00e4reren Situation als jetzt, denn wir haben seit \u00fcber zehn Jahren keine Champions League mehr gewonnen, und um einen italienischen Sieg in der Europa League zu finden, muss man bis zum UEFA-Pokal 1998 zur\u00fcckgehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es gibt keinen Grund, den Moralapostel zu spielen. Aber wir m\u00fcssen vorsichtig sein, denn einen Mieter ins Haus zu holen, der von Berufs wegen Waffen und Instrumente zur Kontrolle der Privatsph\u00e4re verkauft und Todesschwadronen aus S\u00f6ldnern und Ex-Terroristen verwaltet, kann auf lange Sicht Folgen haben - wie die Tatsache zeigt, dass Deutschland sich heute Putins Russland nicht widersetzen kann, weil Gazprom nicht nur einen Fu\u00dfballverein (Schalke 04), sondern auch Industrie-, Finanz- und Immobilienbeteiligungen im Wert von Milliarden Euro gekauft hat. Und an ihrer Spitze steht ein ehemaliger sozialdemokratischer Bundeskanzler, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, der jetzt eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt. Wichtiger als Renzi, der Freund von Al Nahyan, wird in Zukunft sein, aber in bestimmten Angelegenheiten ist Vorsicht nie zu viel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acmilaninfo.com\/rossoneri-ceo-confirms-elliott-will-sell-ac-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/history\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.guerinsportivo.it\/news\/calcio\/2021\/09\/29-4755774\/il_milan_di_berlusconi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/11\/quanti-soldi-ha-perso-yonghong-li-con-il-milan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailymilan.it\/milan-cinese\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2018\/07\/10\/milan-inizia-l-era-elliott-yonghong-li-prova-ridurre-le-perdite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.corrieredellosport.it\/news\/calcio\/serie-a\/milan\/2022\/04\/28-92266799\/_milan_riecco_yonghong_li_causa_milionaria_al_fondo_elliott_<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2020\/11\/17\/elliott-proprietario-milan-report-comunicato\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milanlive.it\/2022\/02\/14\/milan-la-lezione-di-elliott-la-gazzetta-spiega-il-successo-rossonero\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/articoli\/2022\/04\/entro-venerdi-la-vendita-del-milan-al-fondo-del-bahrain-investcorp-3ba2a91f-3024-42a3-85ad-cff269be1445.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.vocidicitta.it\/voci-di-sport\/il-milan-e-di-investcorp-obiettivi-e-strategie-del-fondo-del-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/milan-in-vendita-trattativa-con-investcorp-fondo-elliott-potrebbe-rimanere-con-una-quota-di-minoranz_sto8892860\/story.shtml<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/26\/milan-data-cessione-investcorp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/01\/17\/elliott-ricavi-guadagni-2021-miliardi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.calcioefinanza.it\/2022\/04\/24\/elliott-investimento-mondee-spac\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fnlondon.com\/articles\/investcorp-founder-nemir-kirdar-passes-away-at-83-20200609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/people\/mohammed-alardhi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, fiscal year 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a> , p.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/contact-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/global\/2003\/0331\/026.html?sh=3667e9391e3e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Corporate Governance Report, 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_2021_Corporate-Governace-Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p-84<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2022\/03\/28\/emirati-il-grande-paradiso-dei-criminali\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors\/his-highness-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/uaes-adnoc-appoints-new-managing-director-restructures-to-form-executive-board-of-directors\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Le-Lobby-Anti-Qatar-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edgegroup.ae\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395303041684<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t0PVs5tY4no<\/a> ; http:\/\/wam.ae\/en\/details\/1395300001690<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/sheikh-mohammed-bin-zayed-meets-italian-pm-1.57337<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/hh-sheikh-mohamed-bin-zayed-al-nahyan-pm-matteo-renzi-umberto-trulli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/?lang=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey<\/em>\u201d, see more: https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.timesaerospace.aero\/features\/defence\/leading-edge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nortonlifelock.com\/us\/en\/corporate-profile\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; DALLA FANTASCIENZA ALL\u2019INCUBO: LO SPYWARE DI REGIME PER IL CONTROLLO TOTALE | IBI World Italia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2020\/07\/21\/il-gigante-tra-gli-hacker-militari-compra-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-the-sale-of-leading-cybersecurity-provider-avira-to-nortonlifelock-for-us-360-million\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/industries\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/2021\/05\/30\/quando-la-champions-league-la-perde-abu-dhabi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eurosport.it\/calcio\/serie-a\/2021-2022\/perche-investcorp-e-il-bahrain-ha-deciso-di-puntare-sul-milan-le-domande-sulla-trattativa-del-moment_sto8896302\/story.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Investcorp Annual Report 2021: https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Investcorp_Annual-Report-2021.pdf<\/a> p. 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-attraverso-un-fondo-gestito-da-castello-sgr-si-compra-la-sede-di-kering-a-milano-per-70-mln-euro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/real-estate-2\/investcorp-compra-gli-uffici-romani-dellifad-da-prelios-il-deal-da-128-mln-di-euro-porta-a-11-mld-euro-il-portafoglio-immobiliare-europeo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/realassets.ipe.com\/news\/investcorp-acquires-fully-let-office-building-in-rome-for-128m\/10058738.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/bebeez.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Investcorp-acquisisce-CloudCare-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/it.fashionnetwork.com\/news\/A-investcorp-il-51-di-corneliani-in-arrivo-nuovo-ceo,705765.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/bebeez.it\/crisi-rilanci\/investcorp-e-il-mise-si-aggiudicano-in-asta-il-ramo-dazienda-di-corneliani-per-oltre-172-mln-euro-appuntamento-con-i-creditori-a-marzo-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-announces-acquisition-of-vivaticket\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.hwg.it\/investcorp-completa-lacquisizione-di-hwg<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-italys-leading-cybersecurity-company-hwg\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Das neue AC Mailand der arabischen Militaristen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"das-neue-ac-mailand-der-arabischen-militaristen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:05","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=6131","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5953,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_date_gmt":"2022-01-16 20:15:59","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die industrielle Revolution hat die Welt ver\u00e4ndert. Dieser Wandel begann zur gleichen Zeit wie die intensive Ausbeutung der Bergwerke, die Entstehung der Fabriken und die Entwicklung der Motoren. Belgien ist nicht nur Teil dieser Geschichte, sondern auch einer der gro\u00dfen Architekten - einer der Orte, an dem alles begann. Und es ist auch ein Ort der Trag\u00f6dien, wie die von Marcinelle im Jahr 1956, als 262 Arbeiter (136 davon Italiener)[1]<\/a> bei einem Grubenbrand ums Leben kamen. Seine Geschichte \u00e4hnelt der von Deutschland, Polen und Italien: Sie begann am 4. Oktober 1830, als Belgien nach jahrelangen Risorgimento-K\u00e4mpfen gegen die vom Wiener Kongress aufgezwungenen Monarchien seine Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit erkl\u00e4rte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es entstand ein kleines Land, das im Inneren zwischen franz\u00f6sischsprachigen Wallonen und niederl\u00e4ndischsprachigen Flamen geteilt war - das Erbe einer langj\u00e4hrigen Fremdherrschaft. Aber es war ein starker und reicher Staat: Seine Kohle- und Eisenminen, die \u00e4ltesten in Europa, waren der Stolz eines Volkes, das in nur zehn Jahren zur zweitgr\u00f6\u00dften Industriemacht der Welt nach dem Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich aufstieg[2]<\/a>. Der n\u00e4chste Schritt erfolgte 1906: die Annexion des Kongo und damit die Gr\u00fcndung der UMHK (Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut-Katanga), eines der \u00e4ltesten multinationalen Bergbauunternehmen der Welt, das sogar w\u00e4hrend der beiden Weltkriege wuchs - zu seiner urspr\u00fcnglichen Produktion kamen Kupfer, Kobalt, Uran, Zink, Diamanten, Gold und andere wichtige Metalle f\u00fcr die industrielle Produktion hinzu[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Holdinggesellschaft CCCI (Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie) wurde 1887 gegr\u00fcndet, als Crown-Ingenieure afrikanische Vorkommen entdeckten und um eine Konzession f\u00fcr deren Ausbeutung baten[4]<\/a>. Diese Geschichte dauerte bis zur Verstaatlichung der UMHK, die 1966 von Pr\u00e4sident Mobutu angeordnet wurde[5]<\/a>, als der kongolesische Konzern mit den einzelnen lokalen Minen fusionierte. 1989 fusionierte die Union Mini\u00e8re ihre belgischen Tochtergesellschaften6<\/sup> zu einem globalen multimetallurgischen Industriekonzern, einem der Giganten der Metallindustrie, der allein fast 10 % des belgischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts erwirtschaftete. Union Mini\u00e8re \u00e4nderte 2001 seinen Namen in Umicore[6]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2007 gliederte Umicore sein Zink- und Legierungsraffinationsgesch\u00e4ft aus und fusionierte es mit der australischen Gruppe Zinifex, wodurch die Nyrstar NV[7]<\/a> entstand, die zu einem der weltweit gr\u00f6\u00dften Zinkproduzenten wurde[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar NV hatte Werke auf allen Kontinenten und besch\u00e4ftigte \u00fcber 4000 Mitarbeiter[9]<\/a>. Heute, nach der von Trafigura durchgef\u00fchrten Umstrukturierung, ist Nyrstar NV eine Mantelgesellschaft mit nur 2 % des historischen Betriebsverm\u00f6gens; es gibt nur zwei Aktion\u00e4re mit mehr als 3% der Anteile[10]<\/a>: Urion Holdings (Malta) Ltd.[11]<\/a> (Trafigura-Gruppe), die 24,42% kontrolliert[12]<\/a>, und eine Gruppe von Kleinaktion\u00e4ren um den Unternehmer Kris Vansanten[13]<\/a> (darunter der christdemokratische Politiker Etienne Schouppe), die im Dezember 2021 15,09 % von Nyrstar kontrolliert[14]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2018 war Nyrstar die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt (1,073 Millionen Tonnen), nach Korea Zinc (1,216 Millionen Tonnen) und vor Glencore (1,003 Millionen Tonnen)[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Vereinbarungen mit Glencore International<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mick Davis (links) und Ivan Glasenberg (rechts), die Direktoren der Fusion von Xstrata und Glencore im Jahr 2012<\/sub><\/strong>[16]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glencore International, einer der weltweiten Rohstoffgiganten, sieht eine Chance: 2008 sichert sich das Unternehmen durch die Ausschaltung von Trafigura[17]<\/a> einen fabelhaften Vertrag mit der Nyrstar-H\u00fctte in Hobart (Tasmanien), von der Glencore 550.000 Tonnen raffiniertes Zink kauft[18]<\/a>. Glencore sichert sich den Wert von Nyrstar, indem es 7,8 Prozent der Aktien kauft und 2011 den Vertrag f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sieben Jahre bis 2018 erneuert[19]<\/a>. Als die Zinkpreise auf dem Markt Ende 2011 zu sinken beginnen, erkennt Glencore eine bessere Gelegenheit und beschlie\u00dft, mit dem Bergbauunternehmen Xstrata zu fusionieren[20]<\/a>, das wiederum seine eigene Produktion verkaufen kann[21]<\/a> und Glencore in eine weltweite F\u00fchrungsposition vom Bergbau bis zur Verh\u00fcttung katapultiert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um den Zusammenschluss zwischen den beiden Giganten Glencore und Xstrata zu erm\u00f6glichen, verlangt die Wettbewerbsbeh\u00f6rde der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission, dass Glencore seinen europ\u00e4ischen Vertrag mit Nyrstar aufgibt, weil er den neu gegr\u00fcndeten multinationalen Konzern in eine Monopolstellung bringt, die die Zinkpreise bestimmen kann, und Glencore au\u00dferdem zwingt, seine 7,8%ige Beteiligung an Nyrstar zu verkaufen[22]<\/a>,<\/sup>[23]<\/a>. Dies ist ein grosses Opfer, das Glencore in Kauf nimmt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Zusammenschluss von Glencore und Xstrata stellt f\u00fcr Nyrstar ein gro\u00dfes Problem dar. Im Jahr 2010 beginnt Nyrstar mit einem Erweiterungsprojekt, das durch Bankkredite finanziert wird, die wiederum durch den Vertrag mit Glencore unterst\u00fctzt werden. Als der Weltmarktpreis f\u00fcr Zinkmetall stark zu fallen begann, erkannte die belgische Unternehmensleitung, dass sie mittelfristig nicht in der Lage sein w\u00fcrde, die Anleihen zur\u00fcckzuzahlen, wenn sich die Preise nicht erholen w\u00fcrden[24]<\/a>. Diese Tatsache und der Kauf von Glencore-Aktien belasten das Unternehmen und zwingen Nyrstar dazu, im September 2014 eine Bezugsrechtsemission mit einer Anleiheemission und einem Anleiher\u00fcckkauf durchzuf\u00fchren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etwa zur gleichen Zeit stellt Nyrstar eine umfangreiche Finanzierung f\u00fcr die Modernisierung von Talvivaara bereit[25]<\/a>, einem finnischen Bergwerk, das mit neuer Technologie Zinkkonzentrat produziert und Entwicklungsrisiken birgt, im Austausch f\u00fcr k\u00fcnftige Abnahmerechte. Die in der N\u00e4he von Espoo gelegene Mine wird derzeit modernisiert, so dass 2014 nur noch die H\u00e4lfte des 2013 verkauften Zinkkonzentrats verkauft wird[26]<\/a>. Die f\u00fcr die Anpassung der bestehenden Verfahren erforderlichen Investitionen kosten ein Verm\u00f6gen[27]<\/a>, sind aber notwendig, weil der Minenbetreiber wegen massiver Umweltprobleme angeklagt wurde: Die Alternative w\u00e4re die vollst\u00e4ndige Schlie\u00dfung des Standorts[28]<\/a>. Im Jahr 2014 meldete das Bergwerk jedoch Konkurs an, so dass Nyrstar das bestm\u00f6gliche Gesch\u00e4ft im Austausch f\u00fcr seine Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr Zink mit einem Nennwert von 203 Millionen Euro zum Zeitpunkt des Konkurses aushandeln musste[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gl\u00fccklicherweise blieb Hobart von der Krise verschont, die durch die Fusion zwischen Glencore und Xstrata ausgel\u00f6st wurde. Im Jahr 2014 unterzeichnete das neue Management einen Vertrag mit Asiens gr\u00f6\u00dftem H\u00e4ndler, der Noble Group aus Hongkong (die den Vertrag mit Glencore teilweise \u00fcbernommen hat[30]<\/a>): Zus\u00e4tzlich zum Kauf von Zink (200.000 Tonnen pro Jahr f\u00fcr vier Jahre)[31]<\/a> erwarb Noble 1 % der Nyrstar-Aktien f\u00fcr 6,4 Mio. EUR[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die heimliche Infiltration von Trafigura<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. September 2007: Heinz Eigner (rechts) kommt zu Nyrstar und wird nach dem Ausscheiden von Roland Junck im Dezember 2014 Interims-CEO<\/sub><\/strong>[33]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch damit nicht genug: Um den Aktienr\u00fcckkauf von Glencore und die sinkenden Einnahmen zu decken, muss Nyrstar Eigenkapital aufbringen und neues Blut in die Kassen bringen. Die Bezugsrechtsemission vom September 2014 bietet Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit, bei Nyrstar einzusteigen. Ein Verlust f\u00fcr Glencore ist ein Gewinn f\u00fcr Trafigura, doch so scheint es oft in der \"Familienfehde\" zu laufen, die die Ex-Rich Boys von Marc Rich, aus denen beide Unternehmen hervorgegangen sind, gegeneinander ausspielt[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafigura kaufte bis Ende September 2014 8,42 %, haupts\u00e4chlich im Rahmen der Nyrstar Bezugsrechtsemission[35]<\/a>. Anfang Oktober 2014 besa\u00df Trafigura 10,19 % der belgischen Gruppe[36]<\/a>, und Ende desselben Jahres hatte Trafigura 16,04 % der Anteile erreicht[37]<\/a>. CEO Roland Junck, der die Neupositionierung von Nyrstar geleitet hatte, verlie\u00df die Gruppe[38]<\/a> im Dezember 2014, und Heinz Eigner, CFO, wurde ebenfalls Interims-CEO. F\u00fcr Heinz Eigner ist dies ein Moment des Ruhms, seine Chance, CEO zu werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unter Heinz Eigner fand eine Umstrukturierung der Marketing-, Beschaffungs- und Verkaufsorganisation statt, einige wichtige Manager verlie\u00dfen die Organisation[39]<\/a>. Andere, die sich gegen die Strategie der Verringerung des Umsatzanteils an der Produktion aussprachen und (im B\u00fcndnis mit Trafigura) die Pl\u00e4ne aufgaben, mehr Metalle intern zu handeln und stattdessen Vereinbarungen mit Rohstoffh\u00e4ndlern zu schlie\u00dfen[40]<\/a>, verlie\u00dfen ebenfalls das Unternehmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heinz Eigner, wahrscheinlich zusammen mit Roman Matej[41]<\/a>, Group Controller, am 13. M\u00e4rz 2015 das Gesch\u00e4ft mit dem Talvivaara-Zinkkonzentrat in H\u00f6he von 200 Millionen Euro, offenbar ohne vorherige Zustimmung des Verwaltungsrats, vollst\u00e4ndig kompromittiert, was die Bilanz von Nyrstar erneut schw\u00e4cht[42]<\/a>. Obwohl Eigner eine Vereinbarung aushandelte, die besagt, dass Trafigura nicht mehr als 49 % der Anteile halten und unabh\u00e4ngig davon nicht die Mehrheit der gew\u00e4hlten Vertreter im Verwaltungsrat stellen darf[43]<\/a>, hat die Unternehmensleitung kein Vertrauen in den neuen Partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2015 wurden trotz vehementer Proteste der Noble Group zwei Kandidaten, Christopher Cox (Vorstandsmitglied der Trafigura Group) und Martyn Konig, in den Vorstand von Nyrstar berufen. Martyn Konig wird von Trafigura als unabh\u00e4ngiges Verwaltungsratsmitglied gew\u00e4hlt, trotz einer negativen Empfehlung des damaligen Verwaltungsrats und trotz klarer und offensichtlicher Verbindungen zu Trafigura, u. a. als Chief Investment Officer von T-Wealth Management, einem privaten Family-Office-Investmentvehikel f\u00fcr die Partner und das Senior Management der Trafigura-Gruppe, was in seinem Lebenslauf als seine Hauptbesch\u00e4ftigung angegeben ist. Komig wird der starke Mann von Nyrstar[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz seiner Bem\u00fchungen wird Heinz Eigner im August 2015 als Interims-CEO abgel\u00f6st[45]<\/a> und von seinen Aufgaben als CFO entbunden[46]<\/a>, als Chris Eger, ein M&A-Direktor bei Trafigura in der Schweiz, am 20. November 2015 neuer CFO wird[47]<\/a>. Kurz darauf verl\u00e4sst er Nyrstar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Das regionale B\u00fcro von Trafigura in Genf<\/sub><\/strong>[48]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im April 2016 wurde ein dritter von Trafigura benannter Kandidat, Jesus Fernandez, Leiter von Trafigura M&A, in den Vorstand aufgenommen und Martyn Konig wurde Vorsitzender, was de facto zu einer Kontrolle des Vorstands durch Trafigura f\u00fchrte, da drei der sechs Vorstandsmitglieder wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte der Trafigura-Gruppe oder mit Trafigura verbundener Unternehmen sind und Martyn Konig die entscheidende Stimme hat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies ist nicht das erste Mal, dass Trafigura diese Strategie anwendet: Ein Jahr zuvor hatte die Gruppe einen Anteil von 19,35 % an der zypriotischen Gruppe EMED Mining Public[49]<\/a> erworben, die angesichts der weltweiten Rohstoffkrise ein Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 30 Mio. USD (zehn davon direkt von Trafigura) akzeptierte[50]<\/a> und im Gegenzug Trafigura die Ernennung eines neuen Vorsitzenden und eines neuen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrers erm\u00f6glichte - ein neues Management, das innerhalb weniger Monate die Verm\u00f6genswerte von EMED abbaute[51]<\/a> und schlie\u00dflich den Rest fast kostenlos an die spanische Gruppe Atalaya verkaufte, die zum multinationalen Konzern Rio Tinto geh\u00f6rt[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aufgrund der Aufnahme von Trafigura in den Vorstand, der Ankunft von Chris Eger als CFO von Trafigura M&A und der Einstellung von Bill Scotting als CEO zur Umstrukturierung der Minen gab Nyrstar im Januar 2016 bekannt, dass es Investmentbanker unter Vertrag genommen hatte, deren Aufgabe es war, die Minen des Unternehmens zu verkaufen[53]<\/a>, um die fast 300 Millionen Dollar aufzubringen, die ben\u00f6tigt wurden, um eine weitere finanzielle Katastrophe zu vermeiden[54]<\/a>. Nyrstar, dessen Strategie es war, sich durch die Verarbeitung seines eigenen Zinkkonzentrats vertikal zu integrieren, wird nun gezwungen sein, Zinkkonzentrat von Trafigura zu sehr ung\u00fcnstigen Bedingungen zu kaufen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies mag die Bilanz vor\u00fcbergehend retten, gef\u00e4hrdet aber die F\u00e4higkeit von Nyrstar, sich von der Krise zu erholen, wenn die Preise wieder steigen. Ende 2016 und im Laufe des Jahres 2017 werden die Minenverk\u00e4ufe zu sehr niedrigen Verkaufspreisen abgeschlossen, die nicht einmal ann\u00e4hernd den Erwartungen entsprechen. Bei den K\u00e4ufern handelte es sich zumeist um kleine und schwache Unternehmen, und viele von ihnen befanden sich anschlie\u00dfend in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten bis hin zum Konkurs, so dass das Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungsprogramm nur sehr begrenzte Barmittel einbrachte, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar den Gro\u00dfteil der Abnahmerechte f\u00fcr das gef\u00f6rderte Zinkkonzentrat verlor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Familienjuwelen werden zu Flohmarktpreisen verscherbelt. Interessanterweise verl\u00e4sst Bill Scotting das Unternehmen w\u00e4hrend einer Vorstandssitzung am 13. Dezember 2016, als der Verkauf der Minen kurz vor dem Abschluss stand45<\/sup>. Die Minen Campo Morado (Mexiko), Coricancha (Peru), Cotonga (Peru), El Mochito (Honduras) und El Toqui (Chile) werden verkauft[55]<\/a>,[56]<\/a><\/sup>. Langlois Mines (Kanada) und Tennessee Mines (USA) bleiben bestehen[57]<\/a>, ebenso wie Myra Falls[58]<\/a> (Kanada) und Puccarajo[59]<\/a> (Peru), die nicht zum Verkauf standen oder keinen K\u00e4ufer gefunden haben. Zum Beispiel wurde El Mochito im September 2016 f\u00fcr nur 5 Millionen Dollar verkauft[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Jahr sp\u00e4ter wurde die Mine El Toqui f\u00fcr 25 Millionen Dollar an Laguna Gold Ltd verkauft[61]<\/a>. Nyrstar und Laguna schlossen eine \u00e4hnliche Vereinbarung wie die mit El Mochito: Das Bergwerk verkaufte 85 % seiner Produktion f\u00fcr vier Jahre zu einem festen Preis an Nyrstar[62]<\/a>. Coricancha wurde im Dezember 2016 f\u00fcr nur 100.000 Dollar plus eine Beteiligung am Erl\u00f6s verkauft[63]<\/a>. Die Mine Campo Morado wurde im Juni 2017 f\u00fcr 20 Mio. USD verkauft[64]<\/a>, aber in diesem Fall ist die Mine aufgrund von Sicherheitsproblemen im Zusammenhang mit dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg seit Fr\u00fchjahr 2015 geschlossen[65]<\/a>. Das letzte Bergwerk, Contonga, wurde an Glencore verkauft, um Schulden in H\u00f6he von rund 26 Millionen Dollar zu begleichen[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Coricancha-Minenanlagen in Peru wurden f\u00fcr nur 100.000 $ zuz\u00fcglich einer hypothetischen Gewinnbeteiligung und einer zeitlich begrenzten Beteiligung am freien Cashflow verkauft, w\u00e4hrend Nyrstar NV erhebliche Verbindlichkeiten behielt<\/sub><\/strong>[67]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein wichtiges Detail: Von den verbleibenden Minen kaufte die Trafigura-Gruppe Anfang 2020 100 % von Myra Falls, Langlois (Breakwater Resources) und Nyrstar (Holdings) Canada von Newco NN2, das im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich gegr\u00fcndet wurde, um die Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar NV abzusch\u00f6pfen[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr Nyrstar, dass im September zu 20,02 % und im Dezember 2015 zu 23,72 % Trafigura geh\u00f6rt und damit stark genug ist, um Entscheidungen zu beeinflussen[69]<\/a>, schl\u00e4gt die Stunde der Entscheidung. Nach Ansicht von Analysten sollte Br\u00fcssel pr\u00fcfen, ob Trafigura de facto die Kontrolle \u00fcber das Unternehmen \u00fcbernommen hat[70]<\/a>. Im April 2015 gibt das Management bekannt, dass Nyrstar nicht wie geplant 280-310.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat produzieren kann, sondern h\u00f6chstens 260.000 Tonnen, da die Minen in Myra Falls in Kanada und Campo Morando in Mexiko schlie\u00dfen[71]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00fcr das Jahr 2015 gibt Nyrstar bekannt, dass das EBITDA der Gruppe um 8 % gestiegen ist, doch eine Abschreibung in H\u00f6he von 564 Mio. Euro, die haupts\u00e4chlich auf die Aktivit\u00e4ten des Bergbausegments zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist, f\u00fchrt zu einem Nettoverlust von 432 Mio. Euro, was die Argumente des Managements von Trafigura untermauert[72]<\/a>: Nyrstar hat jetzt eine Nettoverschuldung von 761 Mio. Euro, die vor allem auf die Investitionsausgaben im Metallverarbeitungssegment f\u00fcr das Wachstums- und Erneuerungsprogramm sowie auf die schlechte Leistung im Bergbausegment zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren ist. Im Dezember 2015 scheitert ein Versuch, neue Aktien auszugeben. Nyrstar verschiebt die Ausgabe neuer Aktien f\u00fcr 275 Millionen, von denen Trafigura 125 Millionen zu kaufen verspricht[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im November 2015 ist Nyrstar unter Druck und unterzeichnet eine Vereinbarung mit Trafigura sowie Handelsvertr\u00e4ge, darunter einen Vertrag \u00fcber den Kauf von 500.000 Tonnen Zinkkonzentrat pro Jahr von Trafigura - etwa 25 % des Bedarfs von Nyrstar[74]<\/a>. Die Bedingungen sind sehr ung\u00fcnstig f\u00fcr Nyrstar. Dar\u00fcber hinaus besteht eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber den Verkauf von raffiniertem Zinkmetall an Trafigura. Au\u00dferdem gibt es Vertr\u00e4ge, die den Bleibedarf und die Produktion von Nyrstar abdecken[75]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Februar 2016 beendeten Noble und Nyrstar ihren Vertrag vorzeitig[76]<\/a>, was Trafigura die M\u00f6glichkeit gab, seine Krallen weiter auszufahren[77]<\/a>. Gleichzeitig sicherte sich Trafigura durch eine Vereinbarung \u00fcber eine Vorauszahlung von 150 Mio. USD zus\u00e4tzliche dreij\u00e4hrige Rechte zum Kauf von Zinkmetall (zus\u00e4tzlich zu dem noch an Glencore verkauften)[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill Scotting, der neue CEO von Nyrstar, der den Interims-CEO Heinz Eigner abl\u00f6st, feiert die Handelsvertr\u00e4ge mit Trafigura wie einen Sieg: \"Sie unterst\u00fctzen unsere Strategie, aus den Minen auszusteigen, sich auf die Metallverarbeitung zu konzentrieren und die Bilanz zu restrukturieren\"[79]<\/a>. F\u00fcr Julien de Wilde, den belgischen Vorstandsvorsitzenden, der Anfang 2016 auf Dr\u00e4ngen von Trafigura geht, sind die Worte von Scotting ein tragischer Witz. Die Wahrheit ist eine andere: Die Zinkverarbeitungsraten im Vertrag mit Trafigura liegen weit unter dem Branchenstandard69<\/sup>; die durchschnittliche Verarbeitungsrate (Verarbeitungsgeb\u00fchr) f\u00fcr Zinkkonzentrat, die f\u00fcr 2018 mit Trafigura vereinbart wurde, betr\u00e4gt nur 37 US-Dollar pro Tonne[80]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramablick auf die peruanischen Minen von Chinchan, Cotonga und Huallanca<\/sub><\/strong>[81]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dieser Betrag liegt 75 % unter dem Branchenstandard von 2018 (147 USD pro Tonne), ist halb so hoch wie der Betrag, den Trafigura 2017 an Nyrstar gezahlt hat, und wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit erst am 27. September 2019 mitgeteilt, nachdem die Umstrukturierung inzwischen abgeschlossen war und die Verm\u00f6genswerte des Unternehmens auf das von Trafigura zu diesem Zweck gegr\u00fcndete britische Unternehmen NN2 Newco \u00fcbertragen wurden. Dieser vertrauliche Vertrag taucht nicht einmal in der Bilanz auf: Trafigura hat begonnen, die Beute zu zerlegen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Juli 2017 einigten sich Nyrstar und Glencore auf einen neuen Vertrag, der im Januar 2019 in Kraft treten sollte - aufgrund des Drucks der EU sieht dieser nur die US-amerikanischen und tasmanischen Anlagen vor[82]<\/a>. Aber das ist in Ordnung: Das Gesch\u00e4ft ist 3 % der weltweiten Zinkproduktion wert[83]<\/a>. Ein Tauschgesch\u00e4ft zwischen den beiden multinationalen Unternehmen \u00fcber Zink gegen Blei wird der alten Vereinbarung hinzugef\u00fcgt[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trotz des fragw\u00fcrdigen Programms zur teilweisen Ver\u00e4u\u00dferung von Minen, das seit Ende 2016 durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, und der erheblichen Preisnachl\u00e4sse, die Trafigura im Rahmen von Handelsvertr\u00e4gen gew\u00e4hrt wurden, verbesserten sich die Marktbedingungen Anfang 2018, und das Unternehmen sah wieder einer erfolgreichen Zukunft entgegen, was auch von mehreren Finanzanalysten anerkannt wurde. Am 20. September 2018 gibt das Unternehmen jedoch unerwartet eine irref\u00fchrende und unn\u00f6tige Gewinnwarnung heraus, die sich auf \"eine vorl\u00e4ufige \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des ungepr\u00fcften Entwurfs der Management-Finanzinformationen des Unternehmens\" st\u00fctzt[85]<\/a>. Dies f\u00fchrte zu einer Panik auf dem Markt und einem Einbruch des Aktienkurses. Ein idealer Vorwand, um einen Prozess der Kapital\u00fcberpr\u00fcfung einzuleiten, der unweigerlich und immer wieder zu Umstrukturierungen f\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2018 leitet Nyrstar mit Beratung durch Morgan Stanley eine \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der Kapitalstruktur ein - die offiziellen Gr\u00fcnde: \"gesunkene Zinkpreise, historisch niedrige Verarbeitungskosten und steigende Energiepreise\"[86]<\/a>. Die schwache Produktion und die hohen Betriebskosten in den Minen Langlois und Middle Tennessee belasten, die Gesamteinnahmen aus dem Bergbau (99 Mio. \u20ac) gehen aufgrund von Ver\u00e4u\u00dferungen weiter zur\u00fcck: ein R\u00fcckgang um 52% gegen\u00fcber 2017[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar hatte Optionen, Trafigura blockierte. Finanzanalysten fragten das Management in einer Telefonkonferenz mit Investoren im Oktober 2018, warum die Trafigura-Betriebsmittelfazilit\u00e4t in H\u00f6he von 250 Mio. EUR, die zugesagt war[88]<\/a>, bis Ende des folgenden Jahres nicht in Anspruch genommen wurde. Und warum hat Trafigura weiter gez\u00f6gert? Am 21. November 2018 zahlt sich die Hinhaltetaktik von Trafigura aus: \"Der Ursprung der Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke von Nyrstar geht auf die \u00dcbertragung der Abnahmerechte von Nyrstars fr\u00fcherem Partner Glencore auf den neuen Eigent\u00fcmer von 24,6 % Trafigura zur\u00fcck\" erkl\u00e4rt Stijn Demeester[89]<\/a>, Aktienanalyst bei der ING Bank. Diese von Trafigura verursachte Liquidit\u00e4tsl\u00fccke zwingt Nyrstar in die Knie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 6. Dezember 2018 pr\u00e4sentiert sich Trafigura als Retter und bietet ein 650-Millionen-Dollar-\"Sparpaket\" an, das im Wesentlichen alle Verm\u00f6genswerte von Nyrstar verpf\u00e4ndet, einschlie\u00dflich des Kronjuwels, der fast fertiggestellten australischen H\u00fctte in Port Pirie: ein weiterer selbstm\u00f6rderischer Schlag gegen die Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit von Nyrstar[90]<\/a>. Doch dieses Mal sind alle ver\u00e4rgert: Die unmittelbare Folge dieser Operation ist die St\u00e4rkung der Macht des Schweizer Riesen[91]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Implosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nyrstar-CEO Hilmar Rode (links) und Trafigura T Wealth Management-Mann (Nyrstar-Vorsitzender) Martyn Konig<\/sub><\/strong>[92]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Was Nyrstar und sein Pr\u00e4sident, Martyn Konig, nicht sagen, ist, dass all dies geschieht, w\u00e4hrend der durchschnittliche Zinkpreis pro Tonne insgesamt gestiegen ist: 2896 $ im Jahr 2017, 2922 $ im Jahr 2018, und der Trend f\u00fcr die n\u00e4chsten sechs Monate ist positiv[93]<\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus steigen die Zinkbearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren rapide an und erreichten im Oktober 2018 ein 2,5-Jahres-Hoch[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Normalfall ist das ein Lichtblick in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens - aber das Gegenteil ist der Fall, und so mehren sich die Stimmen derer, die illegale Aktivit\u00e4ten der Trafigura-Getreuen bef\u00fcrchten[95]<\/a>. Martyn Konig beklagt sich zwar \u00fcber die sinkenden Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren, aber unter seinem Vorsitz wurden die belastendsten Bedingungen ausgehandelt und vereinbart, mit \u00c4nderungen, die Trafigura enorme Nachl\u00e4sse auf die Bearbeitungsgeb\u00fchren einr\u00e4umten, damals zu unversch\u00e4mt niedrigen Preisen[96]<\/a>. Doch trotz gegenteiliger Beweise wiederholt Konig immer wieder die gleiche L\u00fcge[97]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach der Implosion liegen die operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar nun in den H\u00e4nden eines neu gegr\u00fcndeten britischen Unternehmens, NN2 Newco: Im September 2019 fordert eine kleine Gruppe von Aktion\u00e4ren von Trafigura eine Entsch\u00e4digung in H\u00f6he von 1,48 Mrd. EUR (die im Dezember 2021 auf 2 Mrd. EUR erh\u00f6ht wird), weil das Schweizer Unternehmen unter Verletzung aller Vereinbarungen 98 % der operativen Aktivit\u00e4ten von Nyrstar kontrolliert[98]<\/a>. Der Vorwurf ist eindeutig: Die Mehrheit des Nyrstar-Vorstands und mehrere wichtige F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4fte, die Trafigura treu ergeben sind[99]<\/a>, haben zugelassen, dass Geld und Verm\u00f6genswerte von dem belgischen Unternehmen zum Nutzen von 98 % des Trafigura-Konzerns in das Vereinigte K\u00f6nigreich abgezogen wurden[100]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parallel dazu wurden in Port Pirie umfangreiche Sanierungsinvestitionen get\u00e4tigt, um die Anlage in eine Produktionsst\u00e4tte von Weltklasse zu verwandeln, die von vielen als das Kronjuwel des Unternehmens angesehen wird, was die Bilanz weiter belastete. Als sich die makro\u00f6konomischen Bedingungen zu verbessern begannen und gerade zu dem Zeitpunkt, als sich die Sanierungsinvestitionen auszuzahlen begannen, f\u00fchrte die Umstrukturierung dazu, dass Trafigura 98 % der Betriebsanlagen von Nyrstar \u00fcbernahm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die belgische Marktaufsichtsbeh\u00f6rde FSMA beklagte, dass die Aktion\u00e4re laut offiziellen Dokumenten nicht gen\u00fcgend Informationen haben, um den Jahresabschluss 2018 zu genehmigen[101]<\/a>, weil die Wirtschaftspr\u00fcfungsgesellschaft[102]<\/a> Unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten gemeldet hat[103]<\/a>. Die FSMA beklagt einen Mangel an Transparenz bei den Aktienbewegungen und den Verhandlungen \u00fcber das neue Abkommen[104]<\/a>. Nyrstar reagiert zwar f\u00f6rmlich, tut aber nichts[105]<\/a>. Infolgedessen verliert Nyrstar im Juli 2019 seine operativen Einheiten und 98 % der Verm\u00f6genswerte der Gruppe[106]<\/a> gehen in die H\u00e4nde von Trafigura \u00fcber. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist Trafigura mit einem weiteren Darlehen in H\u00f6he von 13,5 Mio. \u20ac belastet, das durch die verbleibenden 2 % des neuen Unternehmens gesichert ist, und unterliegt strengen Compliance-Beschr\u00e4nkungen, so dass Trafigura effektiv die volle Kontrolle \u00fcber den Vorstand hat[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re erheben Klage, in der sie behaupten, dass Trafigura unrechtm\u00e4\u00dfig seinen Einfluss genutzt hat, um f\u00fcr Nyrstar ung\u00fcnstige Vertr\u00e4ge auszuhandeln[108]<\/a>, und dass diese Vertr\u00e4ge das wirtschaftliche Desaster der belgischen Gruppe verursacht haben[109]<\/a>. Das Management von Nyrstar und Trafigura verteidigen sich mit der Behauptung, dass das Unternehmen ohne die Umstrukturierung in Konkurs gegangen w\u00e4re und die Aktion\u00e4re alles verloren h\u00e4tten[110]<\/a>. Der Rechtsstreit geht weiter, die n\u00e4chste Anh\u00f6rung ist f\u00fcr den 17. Februar 2022 angesetzt[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Kuckuck ist bereit, wegzufliegen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ein Panoramafoto der Anlagen, die Nala Renewables, das neue Unternehmen der Trafigura-Gruppe, anstelle der Infrastruktur von Nyrstar in Belen errichtet hat<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der Zwischenzeit unternimmt die neue Betreibergesellschaft mehrere Schritte, um ihre Umstrukturierung abzuschlie\u00dfen, ihre Rentabilit\u00e4t zu steigern und ihren Ruf auf dem Markt zu verbessern. Parallel dazu scheint Trafigura wichtige Verm\u00f6genswerte zu \u00fcbernehmen, die es im Juli 2019 zun\u00e4chst \"absorbiert\" und dann, da es sich nicht mit 98 % der Anteile zufriedengibt, die 100 %ige Kontrolle \u00fcber Myra Falls Ltd und seine Mine, Breakwater Resources Ltd und die Langlois-Mine sowie Nyrstar Canada (Holding) \u00fcbernimmt[113]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Oktober 2021 wird bekannt, dass die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung von Nyrstar die Zinkproduktion in drei europ\u00e4ischen H\u00fctten (Budel-Dorplein in den Niederlanden, Balen in Belgien und Auby in Frankreich) um 50 % gek\u00fcrzt hat[114]<\/a>, was den Marktpreis f\u00fcr Zink auf einen H\u00f6chststand trieb. Die Kombination aus physischen Verm\u00f6genswerten, Lagerhaltung und Handelsaktivit\u00e4ten verleiht Trafigura und Glencore eine beneidenswerte Macht auf den globalen Rohstoffm\u00e4rkten. Marc Rich, der 1992 versuchte, den Zinkmarkt zu beherrschen, w\u00e4re stolz darauf[115]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2021 feiert Trafigura Rekordgewinne[116]<\/a> und seine erste Beteiligung an einer neuen Holdinggesellschaft mit Sitz in London namens Nala Renewables, die 30 Millionen Euro in die Entwicklung eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften belgischen Batteriespeichersysteme (Battery Energy Storage Systems - BESS) am Standort der Schmelzanlage Balen in Nyrstar investiert[117]<\/a>. Laut dem Gesch\u00e4ftsplan, der den Anleihegl\u00e4ubigern im Februar 2019 vorgelegt wurde, wird die neue Nyrstar ein bereinigtes EBITDA von mehr als 400 Millionen pro Jahr erwirtschaften, wovon leider 98 % Trafigura zugutekommen werden[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein zynisches Vorgehen der Industrie, dessen Rechtm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit nun von den Gerichten gepr\u00fcft wird, dessen beeindruckender politischer Wert aber von der EU-Kommission und der belgischen Regierung aufgegriffen werden sollte. Die gesamte nationale Politik hat in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahren zu den Vorg\u00e4ngen bei Nyrstar geschwiegen und lediglich ihre Besorgnis \u00fcber Entlassungen in Fabriken auf belgischem Staatsgebiet zum Ausdruck gebracht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wir verstehen nicht, warum. Nyrstar ist die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Zinkh\u00fctte der Welt, die auf einem Markt von strategischem Wert t\u00e4tig ist und gleichzeitig ein wichtiges St\u00fcck belgischer Geschichte sowie ein Zentrum f\u00fcr Fachwissen und unternehmerische F\u00e4higkeiten darstellt. Dies reicht aus, um die Auswirkungen der Entscheidungen der Nyrstar-Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung zunichte zu machen, da diese von Trafigura-treuen M\u00e4nnern dominiert wurde. Und lassen Sie den Schweizer Riesen die Rechnung bezahlen, sonst wird er so weitermachen wie bisher - unter Missachtung aller Regeln.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Minderheitsaktion\u00e4re von Nyrstar, die ein Verfahren gegen die unn\u00f6tige und sch\u00e4dliche Umstrukturierung von Nyrstar eingeleitet haben, fordern die Nichtigkeit der Umstrukturierungsvereinbarung, die Zahlung von Schadenersatz durch Trafigura an Nyrstar NV in H\u00f6he von rund 2 Mrd. \u20ac und eine \u00dcberarbeitung des belgischen institutionellen Rahmens f\u00fcr den Schutz von Minderheitsaktion\u00e4ren, um \u00e4hnliche betr\u00fcgerische Machenschaften in Zukunft zu verhindern. M\u00f6ge die Macht mit ihnen sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Toni Ricciardi, \u201cMarcinelle, 1956<\/em>\u201d, Donzelli, Roma 2016; https:\/\/www.donzelli.it\/libro\/9788868435066<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/les-secrets-de-la-belgique--9782262043995-page-65.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/archives.africamuseum.be\/agents\/corporate_entities\/21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/search.arch.be\/de\/?option=com_rab_findingaids&view=findingaid&format=pdf&eadid=BE-A0545_006633_006537_FRE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Crawford Young, Thomas Edwin Turner, \u201cThe rise and decline of the Zairian State<\/em>\u201d, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.umicore.fr\/fr\/a-propos\/historique\/#puzzle3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2F24%2F04%2F2007%2FLesEchos%2F19905-169-ECH_umicore-et-zinifex-formalisent-leur-projet-de-coentreprise-dans-le-zinc.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinenouvelle.com%2Farticle%2Fnyrstar-naissance-officielle-du-numero-un-mondial-du-zinc.N20281#federation=archive.wikiwix.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/products\/other-metals<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/our-story<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/operations\/processing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/share-and-bondholder-information\/shareholder-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/sec.report\/CIK\/0001787012<\/a> ; https:\/\/lei.report\/LEI\/549300Q5QIA1RT7YQR81<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/share-and-bondholder-information\/Transparency%20declaration.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/quanteus.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/krisvansanten\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/kleine-aandeelhouders-nyrstar-bezitten-al-15-procent\/10356786.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/nyrstar-nv-publication-transparency-notification-160000371.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/240622\/leadig-zinc-smelters-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/minings-marriage-made-in-hell-gd93ms58ktv<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-glencore-eu-nyrstar-idUSBRE8AL0G120121122<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/matieres-premieres\/glencore-sort-de-nyrstar-pour-3-39-euros-par-action\/9330367.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/eid160672<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-idUSLDE60O05W20100125<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2014\/nyrstar-annualreport13-en-30-april-2014.pdf<\/a> page 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nystar-talvivaara-idUSL5N0MT1S320140401<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/yle.fi\/uutiset\/3-7314614<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-017-11421-8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0269749118330860<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6073841<\/a> ; https:\/\/yle.fi\/news\/3-6077504<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/nyrstar-announces-a52m-tasmania-smelter-spend-appoints-ceo-2015-07-14\/rep_id:3650<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nystar-noble-idUSBRE99006J20131001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imago-images.de\/st\/0084420189<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2005-07-17\/the-rich-boys<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/politics\/the-rich-boys-20050730-jkj0z<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-02-24\/former-glencore-director-says-he-flew-the-world-with-bag-of-cash<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/blog\/cool-runnings-commodity-traders-capital\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/2073567\/Search-results\/Trafigura-lost-Nyrstar-deal-without-a-seat-at-negotiating-table.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/competition\/mergers\/cases\/decisions\/m7779_1127_3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/d4d631a4-7582-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fastmarkets.com\/insights\/milling-about-katsiouleris-out-as-nyrstar-merges-marketing-with-operations<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3632543\/Search-results\/METALS-PEOPLE---Florent-Schreiber-leaves-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/nyrstar-30-june-2020-agm-minutes-english-v1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/03\/13\/1628791\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Update-on-the-zinc-streaming-agreement-with-Talvivaara.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3444277\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-board-will-recommend-one-of-Trafiguras-nominees-as-agm-draws-closer.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3440537\/Search-results\/Trafigura-pushes-its-men-for-a-third-of-Nyrstars-board-seats.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448216\/Search-results\/Trafigura-nominee-Konig-the-challenges-facing-Nyrstar.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2015\/07\/13\/1628836\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-New-CEO.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/written-questions-submitted-by-shareholders-for-nnv-agm-june-2019-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/trafigura_images\/20093462468<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3413402\/Trafigura-Xiangguang-and-Orion-grant-30m-bridge-loan-to-Emed.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.proactiveinvestors.com\/companies\/news\/104840\/emed-minings-top-two-depart-as-trafigura-backs-us30mln-bridging-loan-59010.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trafigura.com\/media\/1205\/2015_trafigura_interim_report_en.pdf<\/a> p. 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/bloomberg\/nyrstar-explores-trading-house-deals-after-trafigura-lifts-stake\/41256752<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayamining.com\/about-us\/#milestones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/trafigura-krijgt-nooit-controle-over-nyrstar\/9729353.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-ceo-idUSKBN1422CP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p. 9, 10, 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/otp.tools.investis.com\/clients\/fi\/nyrstar1\/omx\/omx-story.aspx?cid=250&newsid=61169&culture=en-US<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2015\/balance-sheet-strengthening-presentation-final.pdf<\/a> p.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/miningdataonline.com\/property\/64\/Myra-Falls-Mine.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/shareholder-meetings\/english\/2020\/30-june\/written-questions-and-answers-en.pdf<\/a> p- 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/21\/899400\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Completion-of-the-El-Mochito-mine-sale-for-a-total-cash-consideration-of-USD-0-5-million.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3587718\/Nyrstar-to-sell-El-Mochito-mine-to-Morumbi-Resources-enters-offtake-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3598589\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-El-Toqui-zinc-lead-gold-mine-for-25m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/solution\/clientwork\/2016\/06\/nyrstar-nv-completes-sale-of-el-toqui-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/12\/20\/898991\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Announces-Sale-of-Coricancha.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3729723\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Coricancha-mine-in-Peru.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/241\/nyrstar-sale-its-campo-morado-mine-mexico-completed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3725118\/Nyrstar-completes-sale-of-Campo-Morado-zinc-mine-for-20m.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsnyrstar-announces-sale-of-contonga-mine-to-glencore-subsidiaries-5699288\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningmetalnews.com\/20190803\/459\/nyrstar-completed-sale-contonga-mine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/newsgreat-panther-to-buy-coricancha-mine-in-peru-from-nyrstar-5702993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3485223\/Trafigura-increases-stake-in-Nyrstar-to-20.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d2025d6-8f72-11e5-a549-b89a1dfede9b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3448891\/Search-results\/Nyrstar-cuts-zinc-production-outlook-for-2015.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2016\/02\/04\/1628896\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-2015-Full-Year-Results.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcapital.com\/article\/28my0k78z0rw5hpdgnlds\/equity\/troubled-nyrstar-misses-rights-issue-quorum-confident-for-january<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/b105452a-cb3b-11e5-a8ef-ea66e967dd44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/nyrstar-zinc-marketing-idUSL3N15K2L9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.businesstimes.com.sg\/companies-markets\/trafigura-scores-metals-deal-with-nyrstar-as-noble-contract-ends?close=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Nyrstar NV 2020 Annual Report revised September 27, 2019, page 100 of the marked copy version showing in red the revisions made<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tetratech.com\/pt\/projects\/minas-de-chinchan-contonga-e-huallanca-no-peru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3772663\/EXCLUSIVE-Glencore-loses-out-to-Trafigura-worlds-biggest-zinc-deal-sliced-in-2019.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2018\/09\/20\/1573940\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-Adverse-market-conditions-to-impact-Nyrstar-s-Q3-2018-earnings.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4215996-nyrstars-nyrsf-ceo-hilmar-rode-on-q3-2018-results-earnings-call-transcript<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3845289\/Trafigura-strengthens-grip-on-Nyrstars-Port-Pirie-with-liquidity-bridging-loan-deal.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tijd.be\/ondernemen\/grondstoffen\/top-nyrstar-liquiditeit-blijft-extreem-krap\/10139850.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/wallmine.com\/euronext\/nyr\/officer\/2026678\/martyn-konig<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Nyrstar\u2019s Shareholders\u2019 meeting, 25 Giugno 2019: https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a> p.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metalbulletin.com\/Article\/3836086\/Search-results\/EUROPEAN-MORNING-BRIEF-0310-LME-nickel-edges-up-rest-weaker-zinc-TCs-hit-25-year-high-global.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/trafigura-accused-of-throttling-nyrstar-with-lopsided-zinc-deals-2019-09-09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/iceberg-research.com\/2019\/10\/08\/what-really-killed-nyrstar-nv-shareholders-have-a-strong-case-against-nyrstars-board-and-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/shareholders-meeting.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nyrstar-trafigura-lawsuit\/nyrstar-shareholders-to-sue-commodities-trader-trafigura-for-1-6-billion-idUSKBN1WR04N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2019\/02\/25\/1741194\/0\/en\/Nyrstar-announces-resignation-of-director.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fsma.be\/en\/news\/warning-fsma-regarding-general-meeting-nyrstar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2018-full-year-consolidated-financial-statements-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/base-metals-investing\/zinc-investing\/nyrstar-shareholders-lawsuit-against-trafigura\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/4d5df39e-28fc-4fec-aee6-e82b9e137219.filesusr.com\/ugd\/a6d8ea_c0d8b55f3d8e4d58bc121aa9ab6cfaa7.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/trending\/ywfv5tyr4kvu5rwf0zwx9q2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/en\/investors\/restructuring\/summary-of-ongoing-proceedings<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/worldbatterynews.com\/trafigura-joint-venture-nala-renewables-kickstarts-investments-with-battery-p609-165.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> Trafigura Group Pte Ltd 2020 Annual Report, pages 26, 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/metals\/101321-zinc-producer-nyrstar-cuts-output-by-up-to-50-at-three-european-smelters-on-energy-price-surge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-books-authors-ammann-idUKTRE61G25O20100217<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-publishes-2021-annual-results-showing-a-record-performance-with-the-company-well-positioned-for-future-growth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.com\/resource-center\/press-releases\/trafigura-announced-to-invest-up-to-30-million-euros-to-develop-a-battery-energy-storage-system-bess-at-nyrstars-balen-site-in-belgium<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nyrstar.be\/~\/media\/Files\/N\/Nyrstar-IR\/results-reports-and-presentations\/english\/2019\/2019-04-15-nyrstar-presentation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Nyrstar: Die Qualen des Riesen in den Klauen von Trafigura","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nyrstar-die-qualen-des-riesen-in-den-klauen-von-trafigura","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5953","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5545,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_date_gmt":"2021-07-11 14:41:09","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Willkommen am Uru-See in den Anden, Bolivien \u2013 einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften und sch\u00f6nsten in S\u00fcdamerika, tiefblau, voller Fische und Lebensraum f\u00fcr Tausende von Flamingos \u2013 bis vor f\u00fcnf Jahren. Nun, wie Sie sehen k\u00f6nnen, ist es eine Ausdehnung von verlassenen Plastikverpackungen, eine eschatologische Vision aus einem Science-Fiction-Film, aber leider wahr. Eine Situation, die sich nicht auf dieses schreckliche Beispiel beschr\u00e4nkt, sondern die von Tag zu Tag zum allgemeinen Zustand der Wasserbecken wird, die seit Tausenden von Jahren Tiere, Pflanzen und Menschen auf diesem Planeten am Leben erhalten haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wasser stirbt. Und ohne Wasser stirbt nat\u00fcrlich auch das Leben auf dem Planeten Erde. Das Wasser verschwindet nicht, im Gegenteil, der Pegel der Meere steigt durch die fortschreitende Aufl\u00f6sung der Gletscherkappen der beiden Pole, aber dieses Wasser ist oft tot, unbrauchbar, fast ohne Sauerstoff, der in den chemischen Ketten, aus denen sich die Meere zusammensetzen, durch giftige Methanverbindungen oder andere Elemente ersetzt wird, die von den \u00d6lverschmutzungen, von den R\u00fcckst\u00e4nden der chemischen D\u00fcngemittel, von den Pestiziden, von den tierischen Resten von Tausenden von Milliarden von V\u00f6geln, M\u00e4usen, Insekten stammen, die ihrerseits vergiftet sind und den nat\u00fcrlichen Humus ersetzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Trag\u00f6die, derer wir uns nicht bewusst sind, denn zu Hause holen wir sauberes Wasser aus dem Hahn, und im Supermarkt gibt es Mineralwasser in H\u00fclle und F\u00fclle zu sehr niedrigen Preisen. In L\u00e4ndern, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist, t\u00f6ten D\u00fcrre oder vergiftetes Wasser eine unsichtbare Bev\u00f6lkerung, weit entfernt von der Wahrnehmung, die wir Westler davon haben, ohne dass die Verschlimmerung der Situation zu einem Angstfaktor f\u00fcr unsere Familien wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die schmerzende bolivianische Pachamama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Flamingos am Uru-See sind gezwungen, auf der Suche nach Wasser und Fisch im M\u00fcll zu w\u00fchlen<\/sub><\/strong>[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist nicht so, dass alle Regierungen gleicherma\u00dfen blind f\u00fcr diese Trag\u00f6die sind. In S\u00fcdamerika zum Beispiel mit dem \"Gesetz der Mutter Erde\"[2]<\/sup><\/a>, Bolivien verabschiedete 2011 \u2013 w\u00e4hrend der Pr\u00e4sidentschaft von Evo Morales, dem ersten \"indianischen\" Pr\u00e4sidenten des Kontinents[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein weltweit einzigartiges Gesetz zur Anerkennung der B\u00fcrgerrechte der Natur[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Dem Gesetz liegt das Bewusstsein zugrunde, dass das \u00d6kosystem, das uns aufnimmt, einen unsch\u00e4tzbaren Wert hat, der dem einer lebenden Person, einer physischen Person, entspricht. Bolivien, eine Nation mit uralter Kultur und Traditionen, wollte ein Bezugspunkt f\u00fcr den Globus sein, wenn es darum geht, Mutter Erde, die \"Pachamama\", wie die Andenbewohner sie nennen, zu verteidigen[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine Ma\u00dfnahme, die leider durch den Lauf der Dinge \u00fcberholt und konterkariert wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Im Jahr 2016 hat das Drama der D\u00fcrre aufgrund des Anstiegs der Durchschnittstemperatur des Planeten Bolivien in die Knie gezwungen, ebenso wie die meisten Entwicklungsl\u00e4nder \u2013 so sehr, dass zum Beispiel 90 % des Aralsees an der Grenze zwischen Usbekistan und Kasachstan, der die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Irlands hat, jetzt auf die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe Pal\u00e4stinas reduziert ist[6]<\/sup><\/a>, und es wird bef\u00fcrchtet[7]<\/sup><\/a>, dass er innerhalb der n\u00e4chsten Generation verschwinden wird \u2013 eine der Umweltkatastrophen mit den schwersten Auswirkungen in der Geschichte der Menschheit[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Das gleiche Schicksal droht dem Turkana-See in Kenia (der bis zur Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit Rudolph-See hie\u00df), da \u00c4thiopien, das seine Zufl\u00fcsse kontrolliert, D\u00e4mme gebaut hat, um die dortigen Felder zu bew\u00e4ssern[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 D\u00e4mme, die den Wasserspiegel des Turkana gef\u00e4hrlich sinken lassen, was zur W\u00fcstenbildung und Hungersnot in einer der gr\u00fcnsten Nationen Afrikas f\u00fchrt[10]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre wurden die bolivianischen St\u00e4dte mit Tanklastwagen versorgt, was den Wasserstand der Seen Poop\u00f3 und Uru Uru, die ohnehin durch die Bew\u00e4sserung von multinationalen Plantagen und Bergbau bedroht sind, erheblich reduzierte[11]<\/sup><\/a>. Die beiden Seen \u2013 auf einer H\u00f6he von 3.686 Metern im Departement Oruro gelegen \u2013 sind die Heimat der gr\u00f6\u00dften Anzahl von Flamingos in den Anden[12]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Poop\u00f3-See ist der zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte See in Bolivien, nach dem ber\u00fchmten Titicacasee. Im Jahr 2002 erkl\u00e4rten die bolivianischen Beh\u00f6rden die beiden Seen zu Gebieten von globaler Bedeutung[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist ein Schock auf planetarischer Ebene: Der Uru-See, traditionell ein beliebtes Touristenziel, hat sich w\u00e4hrend der D\u00fcrre in eine M\u00fcllhalde unter freiem Himmel verwandelt, in der das Wasser fast vollst\u00e4ndig von einem Haufen Plastikflaschen, kaputtem Spielzeug, T\u00fcten und verlassenen Reifen bedeckt ist[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Seine Fl\u00e4che ist von 214 auf nur noch 30 Quadratkilometer geschrumpft, und die Wassermenge hat sich um 70 % reduziert[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies bedroht die Existenz indigener Gemeinschaften: der Aymara, Quechua und Uru Murato \u2013 eine der \u00e4ltesten in Bolivien, deren M\u00e4nner den Fischfang aufgeben mussten und Arbeit in den Salzminen suchen[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margarita Aquino, eine Vertreterin der Frauenverteidigerinnen von Mutter Erde (Renamat), sagt: \"Diese Wasserquellen sind lebenswichtig f\u00fcr unsere Gemeinden und f\u00fcr Mutter Erde<\/em>\u201c[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Limber Sanchez, ein Wissenschaftler des Centro de Ecolog\u00eca y Pueblos Andinos (CEPA), begleitete die Presse zum See und erkl\u00e4rte, was Uru Uru get\u00f6tet hatte: Plastik, saures Wasser aus den Minen von San Jos\u00e9 \u2013 M\u00fcll, der \u00fcber den Tagarate-Kanal, der in Oruro beginnt, in den See gelangt, wo die Bev\u00f6lkerung ihren Abfall abl\u00e4dt \u2013 sowie Schwermetalle[18]<\/sup><\/a> (Cadmium, Zink und Arsen), die von allen im See zur\u00fcckgelassen wurden[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die \u00dcberreste des Poop\u00f2-Sees, auf dem eine Mine gebaut wurde, die den Grundwasserspiegel entw\u00e4ssert und vergiftet<\/sub><\/strong>[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die CEPA reagierte, indem sie das Einsammeln von im See zur\u00fcckgelassenen Wasserflaschen organisierte, dann auf die Kontrolle der Sicherheits- und Umweltschutzma\u00dfnahmen in der KoriKollo-Mine, die der Firma Inti Raymi geh\u00f6rt, wo Zyanid zur Goldgewinnung verwendet wird[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar\u00fcber hinaus \u00fcberwacht CEPA die Aktivit\u00e4ten der Huanuni Mining Company, die seit Jahren s\u00e4urehaltiges und festes Wasser produziert, das ohne Aufbereitung in den Huanuni-Fluss eingeleitet wird, der das Wasser zum Poop\u00f2-See hinunterzieht und die unterirdischen Aquifere und Quellen infiltriert, so dass es weder von Tieren noch von Menschen getrunken werden kann[22]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber die \u00d6kologen haben nicht die Kraft, sich mit allen Fronten zu befassen: Die Newmont Mining Corporation (USA) und Glencore (Schweiz) investieren in neue Minen in der Region Oruro, an deren staatlichen Lizenzen die CEPA ernsthafte Zweifel \u00e4u\u00dfert, obwohl sie wei\u00df, dass der Bergbausektor die zweitgr\u00f6\u00dfte Einnahmequelle Boliviens ist[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Andere multinationale Unternehmen sind Allianzen mit dem staatlichen Unternehmen COMIBOL (Corporaci\u00f3n Minera de Bolivia) eingegangen und bereiten die Er\u00f6ffnung weiterer Standorte in den Anden vor[24]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Regierung hat Farbe und Richtung gewechselt und ist mehr an der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Situation interessiert als an den Umweltkosten, die der Bergbau verursachen kann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die toten Gew\u00e4sser des Persischen Golfs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vergifteter Fisch am kuwaitischen Strand<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Situation in vielen Meeresgebieten ist nicht anders. Ein Programm der Vereinten Nationen, genannt iRobot Seagliders[26]<\/sup><\/a> (das sind in erster Linie Roboter zur Sondierung der Meere f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Zwecke)[27]<\/sup><\/a>, analysiert die Situation der Ozeane in verschiedenen Tiefen und in der N\u00e4he verschiedener geografischer Gebiete. Die Ergebnisse sind erschreckend: \u00dcberall wird der Sauerstoff durch Algen (die von Abf\u00e4llen und steigenden Wassertemperaturen leben) und Verschmutzung vernichtet, so dass ganze Landstriche der Ozeane, insbesondere des Pazifiks, in den ersten tausend Metern Tiefe unfruchtbar geworden sind[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber der Meeresabschnitt, in dem die Situation jetzt unwiederbringlich geworden ist, ist der Persische Golf, bis zum Kanal von Hormuz und dem Golf von Oman[29]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Ursache ist in diesem Fall nicht die Verklappung von M\u00fcll im Meer, sondern die st\u00e4ndige Wiederholung von sehr schweren Tankerunf\u00e4llen, bei denen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangt[30]<\/sup><\/a>, und der Rest der bekannten Kette: Fische und V\u00f6gel sterben, Algen gedeihen, Sauerstoff wird in Verbindung mit Wasserstoff durch andere giftige chemische Elemente ersetzt[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um nur die schwersten Unf\u00e4lle zu nennen: die Kollision eines \u00d6ltankers mit einer Bohrinsel bei Nowruz 1983, bei der 260.000 Tonnen \u00d6l ins Meer gelangten[32]<\/sup><\/a>; die von irakischen Truppen absichtlich herbeigef\u00fchrte Katastrophe, die 1991 in Kuwait einmarschierte und 460.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer sch\u00fcttete[33]<\/sup><\/a>; die Kollision des \u00d6ltankers SEKI mit dem \u00d6ltanker Baynunah 1994 vor dem Strand der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, bei der 293.000 Tonnen Roh\u00f6l ins Meer gelangten[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aber das Schlimmste ist das, was jeden Tag unkontrolliert passiert: Jedes Schiff, das den Persischen Golf passiert, f\u00fcllt auf dem R\u00fcckweg, bevor es in den Hafen zur\u00fcckkehrt, seine Lader\u00e4ume mit Meerwasser, mit dem es die verseuchten R\u00fcckst\u00e4nde, die es an Bord hat, w\u00e4scht und verd\u00fcnnt, und entl\u00e4dt dann Tonnen \u00fcber Tonnen ins Meer, jeden Tag, seit \u00fcber 40 Jahren[35]<\/sup><\/a>. Ganz zu schweigen von den Sch\u00e4den durch die Entsalzung von Meerwasser, der Haupttrinkwasserquelle der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate und Kuwaits \u2013 eine Praxis, die Korallen zerst\u00f6rt und Fische vergiftet hat[36]<\/sup><\/a>. Leider weigern sich genau diese beiden L\u00e4nder, internationale Verhandlungen aufzunehmen, um zu versuchen, diese sehr ernste Situation zu \u00e4ndern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die M\u00fclldeponie zwischen Scylla und Charybdis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Der Meeresboden in der Meerenge von Messina<\/sub><\/strong>[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Unterwasserbereich der Stra\u00dfe von Messina ist derjenige, der die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Dichte an M\u00fcll in der Welt hat: es ist \"mehr als eine Million Objekte\" pro Quadratkilometer in einigen Bereichen des Bodens[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies wird in einem Dokument auf der Grundlage von Daten im Jahr 2018 im Auftrag der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission (GFS[39]<\/sup><\/a>) gesammelt und von der Universit\u00e4t von Messina bestritten, die behauptet, dass die Strecke des Meeres verschmutzt, wie viel behauptet wird, ist \"nur\" eine Spanne von 7 km Meer \u2013 die eine, \u00fcber die die F\u00e4hren passieren[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nach Ansicht der Sizilianer ist dies die Folge der tragischen \u00dcberschwemmung von Giampillieri (2009), die 37 Opfer forderte[41]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 eine These, die von der europ\u00e4ischen Studie als \"l\u00e4cherlich\" bezeichnet wird, die weiterhin mit ROVs (ferngesteuerten Unterwasserfahrzeugen) den M\u00fcll akribisch analysiert und ihn nicht nur fotografiert, sondern auch datiert[42]<\/sup><\/a>. Es ist eine Zusammenstellung von Daten und Auswertungen vieler Experten, darunter ISPRA, die Universit\u00e4t A\u00e7ores (Portugal), das Alfred-Wegener-Institut (Deutschland), die Universit\u00e4t Utrecht (Niederlande), das Marine Research Institute (Norwegen), die Universit\u00e4t Barcelona, das Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (Kalifornien), das Institute for Global Change in Japan (JAMSTEC), IFREMER (Frankreich) und die Universit\u00e4t Oxford[43]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es ist eine Tatsache, dass seit mehr als einem Vierteljahrhundert im gesamten Meeresgebiet um die Meerenge (aber inzwischen in allen italienischen Meeren, insbesondere in der Adria) bei der Schleppnetzfischerei bis zu einer Tiefe von 1.000 Metern die Menge der gesammelten Biomasse geringer geworden ist als die Menge des Abfalls[44]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nat\u00fcrlich w\u00e4re es in jeder dieser beschriebenen Situationen m\u00f6glich, einzugreifen. In Bolivien haben Vereinigungen von Umweltsch\u00fctzern und Anwohnern begonnen, Wochenenden auf dem See zu verbringen, um M\u00fcll zu sammeln \u2013 eine wunderbare Sache, eine Sisyphusarbeit, denn der ankommende M\u00fcll \u00fcbersteigt das, was auf diese laienhafte Weise gesammelt wird. Andernorts wird nichts getan, im Gegenteil: Wie wir bereits in anderen Artikeln beschrieben haben, da der Meeresboden ohnehin tot ist, kann man ihn genauso gut f\u00fcr Bergbau und milit\u00e4rische Anlagen ausbeuten. In der Zwischenzeit w\u00e4chst die Menge an kontaminiertem Fisch, der auf unseren Tischen landet, aber da er gut verpackt ist, scheint das niemanden zu interessieren.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.viagginews.com\/2015\/10\/03\/la-magia-del-lago-rosso-dei-fenicotteri-in-bolivia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilcambiamento.it\/articoli\/bolivia_legge_madre_terra<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fronterad.com\/un-tal-evo-una-biografia-no-autorizada-del-presidente-boliviano\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.mineria.gob.bo\/juridica\/20121015-11-39-39.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttogreen.it\/bolivia-in-difesa-della-madre-terra-i-diritti-%E2%80%9Ccivili%E2%80%9D-della-natura-un-esempio-per-tutti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> 2008.04.01 Reclaiming the Aral Sea; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/oct\/01\/satellite-images-show-aral-sea-basin-completely-dried?CMP=fb_gu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> 2012.10.25 Aral Sea Gets Important Wetlands Status<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10437-015-9185-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> 2013.01.10 Ethiopian Dam And Irrigation Projects Threaten Kenya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rinnovabili.it\/ambiente\/bolivia-senza-acqua-siccita-222\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/video.espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/la-bolivia-in-guerra-per-l-acqua-boliviawaterwar\/7824\/7873<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alamy.it\/foto-immagine-fenicotteri-wade-attraverso-l-uru-uru-laguna-di-oruro-in-bolivia-23-gennaio-2016-grazie-al-lago-poopo-essiccazione-fino-60-km-di-distanza-molti-hanno-migrato-qui-in-modo-permanente-ma-la-laguna-e-inquinata-e-i-fenicotteri-si-trovano-di-fronte-a-una-catastrofe-ecologica-foto-georg-ismar-dpa-95272385.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/bolivia-lago-uru-uru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/preserving-bolivia-s-high-andean-lakes-sources-of-life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/aida-americas.org\/en\/press\/communities-request-international-support-to-save-bolivia-s-poopo-and-uru-uru-lakes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kold.com\/2021\/03\/26\/lake-uru-uru-bolivia-covered-plastic-waste\/ ; http:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/quienes-somos\/historia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.elnacional.com\/bbc-news-mundo\/paradoja-del-poopo-lago-bolivia-que-aparece-desaparece_218993\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/cepaoruro.org\/tag\/contaminacion-minera\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a> , Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/vertigo\/9769<\/a>, Victor Hugo Perales Miranda, \u201cConflictos geopol\u00ecticos por el agua en las cuencas mineras del Departamento de Oruro-Bolivia\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2008\/06\/080612132840.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/archive.ph\/20120712183424\/http:\/\/dailyuw.com\/news\/2008\/mar\/11\/from-the-deep-uw-seaglider-draws-us-military\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2008-06-11-irobot-to-convert-uws-seaglider-into-military-drones.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJxMWGuHjZ591WFNNrkln1kGgvYZrWt0lS5Mf-7OSVd2MJWSrRAuE1z2OgGD1e8rd5PncniKLZGI2IgZrWGXMFM3-CLpGrCDW-hRlytBhpe3PMEHZ--rnC-XMaMoyoERNEnyMS22zldIpIMIBmwq9MzUIgLXtoaf-jQa-dD8IMRR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/thesundaypost.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/in-aumento-nel-mondo-le-dead-zone-marine.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/green\/article\/Scientists-alarmed-by-ocean-dead-zone-growth-3200041.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/wwz.cedre.fr\/en\/Resources\/Spills\/Spills\/Nowruz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1991\/06\/14\/il-golfo-persico-ferito-morte-dalla-marea.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130219034012\/http:\/\/earthshots.usgs.gov\/Iraq\/Iraqtext<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100804005524\/http:\/\/incidentnews.gov\/incident\/6786<\/a> ;  https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121010160858\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2003-01-03\/world\/sproject.irq.kuwait.oil.fires_1_oil-fires-kuwaiti-oil-fields-oil-worker?_s=PM:WORLD<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.itopf.org\/in-action\/case-studies\/case-study\/seki-fujairah-1994\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.amso.it\/altri\/nava%205ea\/Inquinamento%20da%20petrolio.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/financialtribune.com\/articles\/people-environment\/63991\/pollution-from-arab-states-harming-persian-gulf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> http:\/\/www.strettoweb.com\/foto\/2019\/03\/reggio-calabria-rifiuti-fondali-stretto-messina\/821520\/#6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rainews.it\/tgr\/sicilia\/video\/2021\/01\/sic-stretto-messina-pattumiera-rifiuti-ambiente-ebe4d283-447d-45e8-95e6-54db9bf7a785.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/ambiente\/2019\/10\/09\/news\/ispra_nelle_reti_dei_pescatori_piu_rifiuti_che_pesci_-238086525\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agrifoodtoday.it\/ambiente-clima\/mediterraneo-rifiuti-pesci.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lifegate.it\/rifiuti-fondale-dello-stretto-di-messina<\/a> ; https:\/\/greenreport.it\/news\/rifiuti-e-bonifiche\/il-fondale-marino-dello-stretto-di-messina-e-il-piu-sporco-del-mondo-nel-mediterraneo-e-emergenza-rifiti-marini-video\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/green-and-blue\/2021\/01\/26\/news\/un_mare_di_spazzatura_sul_fondo_lo_stretto_di_messina_ha_la_piu_grande_densita_di_rifiuti_al_mondo-283798885\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vom Persischen Golf bis Bolivien: Wie der M\u00fcll den Planeten erstickt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vom-persischen-golf-bis-bolivien-wie-der-muell-den-planeten-erstickt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:42","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5545","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5363,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-30 21:23:08","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am Samstag, den 29. Mai, gewann Chelsea London im Stadion von Porto die Champions League und besiegte Manchester City mit 1:0. Das klingt nach Sportnachrichten, ist es aber nicht. Wie der Versuch vieler der gr\u00f6\u00dften europ\u00e4ischen Klubs zeigt, eine Super League zu schaffen, die nicht mehr an nationalen Meisterschaften teilnimmt, sondern ein exklusiver Zusammenschluss der reichsten Mannschaften der Welt ist[1]<\/sup><\/a>, steht viel mehr auf dem Spiel als ein Ball und 22 Jungen in kurzen Hosen, die ihm nachlaufen. Dies ist ein sehr wichtiges politisches, soziales und wirtschaftliches Thema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am 29. Mai wurde in Portugal die Herrscherfamilie der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, jene von Scheich Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>, von der des russischen \u00d6lmanns Roman Abramovich[3]<\/sup><\/a> besiegt, der damit zum zweiten Mal innerhalb von zehn Jahren die wichtigste Fu\u00dfballklub-Troph\u00e4e der Welt gewann. Um dies zu erreichen, zahlte Scheich Mansour Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, der j\u00fcngere Bruder von Abu Dhabis Machthaber Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, 4 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr den Kauf der Vereinsaktien und gibt nun jedem Jahr rund 600 Millionen Dollar aus, 80 Millionen Dollar mehr als Chelsea, um Manchester City an die Spitze Europas zu bringen[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinter dem Scheich steht nat\u00fcrlich seine ganze Familie, denn Manager von Manchester City ist Khaldoon Al Mubarak, General Manager und CEO der Mubadala-Gruppe, deren Chef und gr\u00f6\u00dfter Aktion\u00e4r Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan ist, und Mansour ist der Vizepr\u00e4sident[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Mubadala Group, eine Finanzholding, die j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 240 Milliarden US-Dollar fakturiert[6]<\/sup><\/a>, ist das Ergebnis der Konzentration aller Finanz-, Bau-, Industrie- und Milit\u00e4raktivit\u00e4ten in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten[7]<\/sup><\/a> - und ist das Projekt womit Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan bereitet sein Land auf eine Welt vor, in der \u00d6l nicht mehr die zentrale Bedeutung hat, die es heute hat. Um die Gr\u00f6\u00dfe zu verstehen, betr\u00e4gt das gesamte nationale Bruttoinlandsprodukt des Landes 420 Milliarden Dollar, weniger als das Doppelte des Umsatzes eines einzelnen Unternehmens ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Aktien von Manchester City, die sich im Besitz der Familie des Scheichs befinden, werden von einer Holdinggesellschaft, der City Football Group Ltd., gehalten, einem in Manchester ans\u00e4ssigen Unternehmen, das auch die Mannschaften des New York City FC, Melbourne City (Australien), Yokohama F. Marinos (Japan), Montevideo City Torque (Uruguay), Girona (Spanien), Sichuan Jiunju (China), Mumbay City (Indien), Lommel SK (Belgien) und Estac Troyes (Frankreich) kontrolliert[8]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt keine offiziellen Daten zu den Kosten dieser beeindruckenden Liste von Profimannschaften \u2013 zu denen die 693 Millionen Dollar hinzugef\u00fcgt werden m\u00fcssen, die f\u00fcr einen Zeitraum von f\u00fcnf Jahren f\u00fcr das Sponsoring der Trikots von Real Madrid und Arsenal London gezahlt wurden[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In der heftigen Opposition zwischen den Emiraten und Katar liegt der Schwerpunkt in Doha, neben der sehr teuren Verwaltung von Paris St. Germain[10]<\/sup><\/a>, eher auf der Organisation von Weltklasse-Events wie dem FIFA-Pokal und dem Formel-1-Grand-Prix. Aus Sicht der Westler sind beide Strategien verr\u00fcckt und nutzlos, und au\u00dferdem werden sie durch die Versklavung von Tausenden von Einwanderern und die Abschaffung von Substanzen durchgef\u00fchrt, die f\u00fcr Arbeiten verwendet werden k\u00f6nnten, die den Lebensstandard vieler muslimischen Bev\u00f6lkerungen, \u00fcberw\u00e4ltigt von Krieg, vom Elend, von der Geiselnahme bis hin zu diplomatischen Konflikten mit fiktivem religi\u00f6sen Hintergrund ver\u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warum all dieses Geld? Um die Zuneigung, Mitgliedschaft und Sympathie der Einwohner der St\u00e4dte zu erlangen, deren Teams dank des Geldes der Emirate bessere sportliche Ergebnisse erzielen k\u00f6nnen? In der modernen Soziologie wird seit einem Vierteljahrhundert argumentiert, dass ein Prozess unumst\u00f6\u00dflicher Ver\u00e4nderungen stattfindet, der sehr bald jede engstirnige Wahrnehmung der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit von Mannschaften ausl\u00f6schen wird - wie es im amerikanischen Profisport der Fall ist, dessen Vereine ihr Sitz relativ h\u00e4ufig \u00e4ndern, sobald eine andere Stadtverwaltung eine bessere Infrastruktur und steuerliche Behandlung anbietet. [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Die Ausrufung des VAE-Meistertitels 2017-2018, gewonnen vom FC Al Ain, im Besitz von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan<\/sub><\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ganz im Gegenteil zu dem, was die meisten Europ\u00e4er wahrnehmen, was wiederum untrennbar mit der Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zu einer Stadt oder gar einem Viertel verbunden ist. Das sind vor allem die Fans, die bereit sind, Geld f\u00fcr Tickets und Merchandising auszugeben, wie der wahre Aufstand der Fans der Clubs zeigt, die an der Super League teilnehmen wollten und die die Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung des Landesverrats beschuldigten, so dass jenes Projekt in wenigen Stunden gescheitert ist. [13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eine Sache, die die Anf\u00fchrer des Golfs nicht verstehen k\u00f6nnen, da in diesen beiden L\u00e4ndern das Proletariat, das das Hauptreservoir der europ\u00e4ischen Fans ist, durch Einwanderer ersetzt wurde (65,2% der Einwohner von Katar, 88,2% der Einwohner der Vereinigten Arabische Emirate), die au\u00dferdem unter Bedingungen behandelt werden, die mit der Sklaverei vergleichbar sind und daher nicht sehr am lokalen Fu\u00dfball interessiert sind. Und wenn es stimmt, dass in Europa durch die Ausweitung der TV-Berichterstattung viele Menschen aus dem Stadion ferngeholt wurden (nicht \u00fcberall, angesichts der wachsenden Zuschauerzahlen in Deutschland und Gro\u00dfbritannien), bedeutet dies nicht, dass sich die \u00d6ffentlichkeit daf\u00fcr entschieden hat, aufzugeben, den kleinen lokalen Clubs zu folgen, um sich \u00fcber nur 12 Clubs auf der Welt zu freuen, wie von den Machern der Super League erhofft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wie bereits erw\u00e4hnt, verfolgen Katar und die Emirate unterschiedliche Strategien. Paris St. Germain wird von der QIA Qatar Investment Authority kontrolliert, die dank der seit der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Team gewonnenen politischen Erkenntnisse die erforderliche staatliche Unterst\u00fctzung erhalten hat, um in die Beteiligung an Barclays, Sainsbury's, Harrods, Volkswagen, Walt Disney, Flughafen Heathrow London, Siemens, Shell und tausend andere Dinge einzutreten, darunter einige der besten Hotels Italiens und vor allem Sardiniens[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Fu\u00dfball ist daher eine M\u00f6glichkeit, Handelsbeziehungen aufzubauen, noch vor diplomatischen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den Emiraten scheint dieses Konzept komplett auf den Kopf gestellt. Die nationale Fu\u00dfballliga besteht aus 14 Mannschaften, von denen mindestens drei (die drei Vereine mit der gr\u00f6\u00dften Tradition) zur Familie von Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan geh\u00f6ren[15]<\/sup><\/a>. In keinem anderen Land der Welt geh\u00f6ren Fu\u00dfballmannschaften pers\u00f6nlich zum starken Mann des nationalen Regimes. Obwohl die Emirate viermal so viele Einwohner wie Katar haben, betr\u00e4gt die durchschnittliche Zuschauerzahl der katarischen Liga 11 Tausend Fans, die der Emirate weniger als die H\u00e4lfte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dies bedeutet, dass die Meisterschaft der Emiraten nur entscheidend f\u00fcr das Image ist, das die Familie Al-Nahyan auf der ganzen Welt zu etablieren versucht. Nat\u00fcrlich gibt es bei genauerem Hinsehen auch kommerzielle Vereinbarungen[16]<\/sup><\/a>, die aber nicht so wichtig erscheinen, auch weil der Mubadala-Konzern lieber Industriepartnerschaften aufbaut als einfache Finanzinvestitionsgesch\u00e4fte[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Ja, so? Wenn das Champions-League-Finale nicht jedes Jahr Manchester City vs. Paris St. Germain ... wenn diese beiden Mannschaften es nicht immer schaffen, die nationale Meisterschaft zu gewinnen ... wenn die Fans die beiden Mannschaften weiterhin als Engl\u00e4nder und Franzosen betrachten ... wenn das alles wahr ist, was ist das? Hat es Sinn, jedes Jahr so \u200b\u200bviele Milliarden in dieses bodenlose Abgrund des europ\u00e4ischen Profifu\u00dfballs zu werfen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/profiles\/sheikh-mansour-richest-man-football-2052350.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190630210353\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/sport\/football\/2406994\/Bates-sells-off-Chelsea-to-a-Russian-billionaire.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/investment-committee\/khaldoon-al-mubarak<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/board-of-directors<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cityfootballgroup.com\/our-clubs\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/mikeozanian\/2021\/04\/12\/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-barcelona-on-top-at-48-billion\/?sh=421d05616ac5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sportspromedia.com\/news\/neymar-psg-qatar-national-bank-endorsement-deal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/it\/sociologia-del-calcio\/4160762\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/qds\/1132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.the-afc.com\/competitions\/afc-champions-league\/latest\/news\/al-ain-lift-uae-pro-league-title-in-style<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/culture\/european-soccer-super-league\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tuttocagliari.net\/altre-notizie\/psg-e-non-solo-la-famiglia-al-thani-patrimonio-da-627-miliardi-di-dollari-19421<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UAE_Pro_League<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\/treaty-files\/425\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/partnerships<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Wenn die Cahmpions League in Abu Dhabi verloren geht","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"wenn-die-cahmpions-league-in-abu-dhabi-verloren-geht","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5363","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":5204,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2021-05-16 18:00:00","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 01 September 2011<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/830721-manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester United<\/a> today announce record profits of over \u00a3100 million\u2014only I am told that they don't.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The headline that will no doubt be splashed across the worlds media is about a massive profit but that is something that only exists if you ignore such trivialities as debt costs and player amortisation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, you can't ignore these costs to the business because they exist and are real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you dig down, it seems that Manchester United made a profit of \u00a310 million and that was reliant on a swanky foreign exchange gain of \u00a316 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In simple terms, United made a loss of \u00a36 million without that foreign exchange gain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with financial statements from Manchester United is that everyone accepts that they hide many ills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where is the PIK debt that has never appeared on Manchester United's balance sheet as it was Glazer debt and not United debt? And of course we all know that in the end it will be United's funds that will repay that debt of over \u00a3200 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then there is talk of all the new and improved revenue streams on the commercial side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The boys are back in town...Alex Livesey\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no doubt that the Glazers are masters of generating income. In fact, if they weren't, they and United would likely be insolvent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the outside it seems that year on year the Glazers come up with new and inventive ways of hiding the problems that they have created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From bond issues, PIK notes, final club ownership resting in Delaware and IPO's in Singapore there is no end to the shenanigans that these chaps get up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brand is being permanently pumped for more revenue but perhaps at the risk of it losing its lustre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of the Glazers' dealings though are fine and dandy as far as UEFA are concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact Michel Platini, the father of Financial Fair Play,<\/a> says this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe fair play ruling does not \u00adforesee any measures \u00adbeing taken against clubs who have enormous debts such as Man United or Barcelona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat doesn\u2019t worry me, if those clubs can \u00adrepay what they owe.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So in simple terms, United are debt ridden, but that's OK. They turn a profit, but that doesn't really exist. The club is owned by the Glazers, but nobody can actually prove that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And all of that is fine as far as UEFA and Platini are concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over in Manchester, there is a club that is owned by an extremely wealthy man who happens to be a member of possibly the wealthiest family on the planet. Sheikh Mansour is a member of the Abu Dhabi royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City<\/a> is nominally a private investment by Sheikh Mansour, but in all likelihood the wider Abu Dhabi government and royal family are invested in it as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am reliably informed that the funding streams that Manchester City can call on run to about $1 trillion \u2014or to make the point as clear as possible, $1,000,000,000,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The company that owns Manchester City is registered in the UK and files UK results to Companies House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchester City have no debt and pay no interest to any outside company. They do this because their owner is spending his own money and uses debt\/equity swaps to make sure the club owes him nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As well as not having debt, Sheikh Mansour has invested in the club's infrastructure, improving every aspect of it from the stadium through to the club shop, from the quality of the food on offer to the fantastic website<\/a> that City fans enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Platini.\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Platini.Ian Walton\/Getty Images<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the club develops further there is major investment in the community of Manchester (something that United do pitifully little work in) and a new training centre close to the newly named Etihad Stadium which will form part of the Etihad Campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And again I make the point that once all of these developments and improvements have been made, Manchester City as a football club will have zero debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no end point for Sheikh Mansour because it is a long term plan to make Manchester City the best club in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image of City is important. The club has to be community based, charitable and has a social conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It actually costs City money to provide City in the Community<\/a> (CITC) with people and venues as well as direct cash funding of course. And that, in the end comes from the club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when City sign a massive sponsorship deal, the world is aghast and questions are asked about how that could be fair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City's owner and his family have significant investments in each and every one of the Dow Jones, Footsie and Dax top 100 companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can such wealthy and well-connected people not have a link to sponsors and of course companies who want to cozy up to Abu Dhabi royals will want to pay well to dine at that table as well?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the price is one based on the highest quality. Being associated with City is and will be special perhaps unlike United where, for example DHL are apparently happy paying millions of pounds to be the official domestic training kit provider. That brand begins to lose its lustre a bit more there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best example of how the two brands are promoted and indeed why City and United will be unlikely to fight over the same sponsors can be seen on the clubs websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is United's http:\/\/www.manutd.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is City's http:\/\/www.mcfc.co.uk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apart from personal preference for design, it is clear that City's lacks something that United's has in spades: Adverts.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Manchester City or Manchester United: Which Financial Model Would You Prefer?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"manchester-city-or-manchester-united-which-financial-model-would-you-prefer","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=5204","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":7},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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